Test 120 exam questions on Aircraft General Knowledge for PPL(H)

Change Subject New Test

1 - An attitude director indicator (ADI) combines the information provided by... The attitude indicator and the relative bearing indicator. The directional gyro and the rate gyro. The attitude indicator and the flight director. The attitude indicator and the radio magnetic indicator.

2 - The slip indicator's ball (apparent vertical) has moved to the right during a right turn. By what actions may the ball led back to middle position? Reduce speed, increase bank Reduce bank, increase rate of turn Reduce rate of turn, reduce bank Increase bank, increase rate of turn

3 - What has to be considered during refueling? Apply ground wires, turn on the main switch and magneto ignition No open fires, obey smoking ban and apply ground cables Check the fuel content of the tank with a torch and remove fire protection Refuel through a soaked rag and keep a fire extinguisher available

4 - What difference in altitude is shown by an altimeter, if the reference pressure scale setting is changed from 1000 hPa to 1010 hPa? Values depending on QNH Zero 80 m less than before 80 m more than before

5 - The load factor "n" describes the relationship between... Drag and lift. Thrust and drag. Lift and weight. Weight and thrust.

6 - Which pressure is sensed by the Pitot tube? Dynamic air pressure Cabin air pressure Static air pressure Total air pressure

7 - What is the reason for a puddle of water below the helicopter after a flight in summer? The windshield wiper fluid has leaked The helicopter was frozen at cruising altitude Vapour bubbles from the fuel lines are condensed. The air conditioning was used in flight

8 - A spider control... Feeds fuel by the rotational movement of pistons with various lengths. Prevents the overlay of collective and periodic control inputs on the main rotor. Changes the ignition timing of the magneto ignition during start-up. Changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades via an internal control rod.

9 - Which rotor blade material enables the construction of hingeless rotor heads? Aluminium Titan Timber Plastic

10 - What is the task of cooling fins on air-cooled engine cylinders? Quick heat transfer to the surrounding air flow by expanding the surface Leading the airflow to parts designated to be cooled Cooling of the cylinder surrounding airflow and forwarding to hotter engine parts Increasing the airflow thus improving cooling of cylinder parts

11 - The primer is... A nozzle in the Venturi tube of a carburettor for atomising the fuel. A mechanical switch in the cockpit to engage the turbocharger. A valve in the fuel control system for automatic mixture regulation. An auxiliary pump in the fuel system to facilitate engine starting.

12 - The rotor blades in a shrouded tail rotor can be arranged asymmetrically to... Utilize the Coanda effect. Increase the generated thrust. Reduce the noise emissions. Reduce the production costs.

13 - A vertical speed indicator measures the difference between... Instantaneous total pressure and previous total pressure. Total pressure and static pressure. Instantaneous static pressure and previous static pressure. Dynamic pressure and total pressure.

14 - Which of the stated materials shows the highest strength? Aluminium Magnesium Carbon fiber re-inforced plastic Wood

15 - During a flight in colder-than-ISA air the indicated altitude is... Lower than the true altitude Higher than the true altitude. Eqal to the true altitude. Equal to the standard altitude.

16 - The Pitot / static system is required to... Prevent icing of the Pitot tube. Measure total and static air pressure. Correct the reading of the airspeed indicator to zero when the aircraft is static on the ground. Prevent potential static buildup on the aircraft.

17 - An aircraft cruises on a heading of 180° with a true airspeed of 100 kt. The wind comes from 180° with 30 kt. Neglecting instrument and position errors, which will be the approximate reading of the airspeed indicator? 100 kt 70 kt 30 kt 130 kt

18 - Which of the following options states the working principle of a vertical speed indicator? Total air pressure is measured and compared to static pressure Measuring the present static air pressure and comparing it to the static air pressure inside a reservoir Measuring the vertical acceleration through the displacement of a gimbal-mounted mass Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum

19 - Which method of measurement is mostly used for the fuel supply indication on helicopters? Dipstick measurement Flow measurement Inductive measurement Capacitive measurement

20 - QNE is the... Barometric pressure at a reference datum, typically the runway threshold of an airfield. Altitude above the reference pressure level 1013.25 hPa. Magnetic bearing to a station. Barometric pressure adjusted to sea level, using the international standard atmosphere (ISA).

21 - What is the purpose of engine oil in piston engine? Cooling, lubrication and increasing engine performance. Cooling, lubrication of the engine and disposal of fine abrasion. For nose reduction and bearing of the propeller shaft. Cooling of the engine and lubrication of propeller shaft.

22 - What is the purpose of the tank ventilation? To prevent underpressure caused by fuel consumption To distribute the fuel from one tank segment to the other during flight To prevent water disposal during parking To prevent fuel spillage during refueling on the filler plug

23 - Which is the purpose of the altimeter subscale? To set the reference level for the altitude decoder of the transponder To adjust the altimeter reading for non-standard temperature To correct the altimeter reading for system errors To reference the altimeter reading to a predetermined level such as mean sea level, aerodrome level or pressure level 1013.25 hPa

24 - The airspeed indicator is unservicable. The airplane may only be operated... If no maintenance organisation is around. When the airspeed indicator is fully functional again. When a GPS with speed indication is used during flight. If only airfield patterns are flown.

25 - The bank angle of a 2-minutes circle depends on the... CAS. TAS. IAS. Ground speed.

26 - The rotor brake should be engaged (provided that no other procedure is described in the flight manual)... During all prescribed pre-flight checks on the ground. For inside parking. For outside parking. During start-up until reaching the prescribed rotor rpm.

27 - Which gauges involve a measurement of temperature? Engine lubricant, exhaust gas, outside air, cabin air, directional gyro Engine lubricant, cylinder head, exhaust gas, suction, outside air, cabin air Engine lubricant, engine cooling fluid, cylinder head, exhaust gas, outside air, cabin air Engine oil, cylinder head, exhaust gas, altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator

28 - The compass error caused by the aircraft's magnetic field is called... Deviation. Declination. Inclination. Variation.

29 - At higher altitudes, true airspeed (TAS) tends to be higher than calibrated airspeed (CAS). A rough estimate of the TAS can be obtained by... Subtracting 2 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude. Adding 2 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude. Subtracting 10 % of the CAS for every 1000 m altitude. Adding 10 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude.

30 - The advance angle is the angle between the... Advancing rotor blade and retreating rotor blade. Fixed control rod and lower scissors. Circumferential control rod and rotor blade longitudinal axis. Delta-three-flapping hinge and rotor blade longitudinal axis.

31 - How can the belts of a belt clutch be tightened? Approximation of two rotating plates Increase of drive shaft distance Increase of engine RPM Extension of a pneumatic cylinder

32 - What kind of helicopter needs a tail rotor? Single-rotor helicopter with shaft drive Twin-rotor helicopter with counter-rotating main rotors Single-rotor helicopter with blade drive Twin-rotor autogyro with counter-rotating main rotors

33 - Which of the following states the working principle of an airspeed indicator? Dynamic air pressure is measured by the Pitot tube and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator Total air pressure is measured by the static ports and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator Total air pressure is measured and compared against static air pressure. Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum.

34 - What is the advantage of a hingeless rotor? Good autorotation characteristics Few components are necessary Excellent blade tracking Better lift distribution

35 - What is the unit for electrical power? Ampere Watt Volt Ohm

36 - Why is leaning the fuel mixture without an EGT indicator very dangerous in helicopters? The risk of engine stoppage exists The risk of vapour lock in the reserve tank exists The electric fuel pump overheats The power output from the engine is growing rapidly

37 - What is the advantage of a pushing tail rotor over a pulling tail rotor? Gain of thrust by Coanda and Magnus effect due to the airflow around the tail boom Effective airflow of tail rotor blades by using the downwash Less thrust loss by free outflow of the accelerated air mass Self-compensating anti-torque operation by using the downwash

38 - The Caution Area is marked on an airspeed indicator by what color? White Red Green Yellow

39 - With increasing altitude, the power of a carburettor engine... Remains constant. Increases. Decreases. First decreases, from 5000 ft on increases.

40 - A flight level is a... True altitude. Pressure altitude. Altitude above ground. Density altitude.

41 - Piston engines of helicopters have... One magneto ignition system. Two independent ignition systems. Two coupled ignition systems. One electrical ignition system.

42 - The hydraulic pump of the control system is driven by the... Main rotor gearbox. Additional aggregate. Engine. Alternator.

43 - Which part of the cycle of a four-stroke Otto engine can be seen in the attachment? See figure (AGK-008) Siehe Anlage 2

Second stroke - compression First stroke - induction Third stroke - power Fourth stroke - exhaust

44 - Which of the following factors could cause an erroneous airspeed indication? The boost pressure line is defective The aircraft is covered with adhesive foils A circuit breaker was pulled The earth wire is still attached

45 - Which components do rotor blades made of metal contain? Spar of titan, filling material of stainless steel, and outer skin of steel Spar of lead, filling material of steel, and outer skin of stainless steel Spar of aluminum, filling material of titan, and outer skin of aluminum Spar of steel, filling material of aluminum, and outer skin of aluminum

46 - A turn and bank (or turn and slip) coordinator provides information regarding... The rate of turn and bank angle of the aircraft. The coordination of the turn and slip angle. The rate of turn and coordination, i.e. slip or skid, of the turn. The pitch and bank angle of the aircraft.

47 - The pilot wants to refuel the helicopter after a cold night early in the morning. What needs to be checked before starting the engine? VHF communication for transmission Carburettor heat for function Left seat controls for damage and tight fit Fuel for water content and impurities

48 - The term "inclination" is defined as... Angle between magnetic and true north. Deviation induced by electrical fields. Angle between airplane's longitudinal axis and true north. Angle between earth's magnetic field lines and horizontal plane.

49 - What does the octane rating or fuel grade describe? Flame front speed Anti-knock rating Combustion temperature Ignition timing

50 - Where does a geometrically twisted rotor blade have its largest pitch angle? Next to the rotor blade roots Between rotor blade tips and rotor blade roots In the entire area of the rotor blade Next to the rotor blade tips

51 - What devices can be affected by a failure of the electrical system in a helicopter? Airspeed indicator, altimeter and artificial horizon Radio equipment, navigation equipment and magnetic compass Radio equipment, navigation equipment and gyros Fuel quantity indication, radio equipment and altimeter

52 - Why is the main rotor gearbox a limiting factor in most piston-driven helicopters? The electronic monitoring of the gearbox reacts susceptible at high torques The drive shaft in the gearbox is made of solid material and tends to break at high torques The supply of oil pressure lubrication in the gearbox is constructed on average loads The gear wheels will be displaced from each other at high torque and strain the gearbox bearings

53 - What is the advantage of a gyrodyne compared to a helicopter? Large centre of gravity limits High airspeed in cruise No gearbox is necessary Low fuel consumption

54 - What allows the removal of drag hinges in semi-rigid rotor systems? Use of a gimbal ring with central flapping hinge Geometric or aerodynamic twist of the rotor blades Additional cone hinges on the rotor head Rotor blade attachment below the central flapping hinge

55 - The trim is used to... Adapt the control force. Lock control elements. Move the centre of gravity. Increase adverse yaw.

56 - An aeroplane's current supply is carried out by the: 1. Battery 2. Generator 3. Relay 4. Circuit breaker 3 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 4 1 and 2

57 - Lower-than-standard temperature may lead to... An altitude indication which is too high. A correct altitude indication as long as the altimeter subscale is set to correct for non-standard temperature. A blockage of the Pitot tube by ice, freezing the altimeter indication to its present value. An altitude indication which is too low.

58 - What is likely to be the cause if the engine runs unusually rough while checking the magnetos? Short circuit on the ground cable Sparking plug is defective Ignition switch is faulty Starter is faulty

59 - Calibrated airspeed (CAS) equals... Ground speed (GS) corrected for instrument and position error. True airspeed (TAS) corrected for wind. Indicated airspeed (IAS) corrected for instrument and position error. Equivalent airspeed (EAS) corrected for altitude.

60 - What does the slip indicator show? Airplane's bank Vertical to horizon Apparent vertical Rate of turn

61 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 270° to a heading of 360°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? 030° 330° 270° 360°

62 - The connection between the main rotor mast and the main rotor head is... Screwed. Welded. Pressed. Glued.

63 - During a flight in an air mass with a temperature equal to ISA and the QNH set correctly, the indicated altitude is... Equal to the true altitude. Lower than the true altitude. Higher than the true altitude. Equal to the standard atmosphere.

64 - Which components do rotor blades made of synthetic material contain? Spar of lead and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of stainless steel Spar of synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of aluminum Spar of aluminum and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material Spar of stainless steel, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material

65 - How is referred to a tubular steel construction with a non self-supporting skin? Grid construction Honeycomb structure Monocoque construction Semi-monocoque construction.

66 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 360° to a heading of 270°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? 270° 360° 300° 240°

67 - In which way may an altimeter subscale which is set to an incorrect QNH lead to an incorrect altimeter reading? If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much greater heights above the ground than intended

68 - Which components do rotor blades made of wood contain? Spar of wood, filling material of plastic, and outer skin of wood Spar of wood, filling material of wood, and outer skin of plastic Spar of metal, filling material of metal, and erosion protection of wood Spar of metal, filling material of wood and erosion protection of metal

69 - The highest absorbtion of humidity in fuel can be observed in which situation? During parking on cold aprons Almost empty tanks Almost full tanks During parking on wet gras areas

70 - What does the dynamic pressure depend directly on? Lift- and drag coefficient Air pressure and air temperature Air density and airflow speed squared Air density and lift coefficient

71 - A horizontal situation indicator (HSI) combines the information provided by... The attitude indicator and the flight director. The rate gyro and the slip indicator. The directional gyro and the flight director. The directional gyro and the VHF navigation receiver.

72 - Which actions shall be taken if the engine oil pressure continuously drops to zero? Check the mixture lever and enrich the mixture Reduce engine performance and continue the flight to the destination Monitor oil temperature and land at the nearest airfield Land immediately on suitable terrain and be prepared for an autorotation

73 - What reduces wearout on a skid-shoe landing gear? Angled landing skids Hardened skid shoes Blanked bend tubes Flexible fittings

74 - Which cockpit instruments are connected to the static port? Airspeed indicator, direct-reading compass, slip indicator Altimeter, slip indicator, navigational computer Airspeed indicator, altimeter, direct-reading compass Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator

75 - Which light colour advises the pilot to the condition "corrective action may be required in the future"? Green Red Amber (orange) Blue

76 - What is a cause for the dip error on the direct-reading compass? Temperature variations Deviation in the cockpit Acceleration of the airplane Inclination of earth's magnetic field lines

77 - Which instrument can be affected by the hysteresis error? Direct reading compass Altimeter Vertical speed indicator Tachometer

78 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 030° to a heading of 180°. At approximately which indicated magnetic heading should the turn be terminated? 150°. 360°. 180°. 210°.

79 - Which of the mentioned cockpit instruments is connected to the pitot tube? Vertical speed indicator Airspeed indicator Altimeter Direct-reading compass

80 - What is the meaning of the red range on the airspeed indicator? Speed which must not be exceeded within bumpy air Speed which must not be exceeded with flaps extended Speed which must not be exceeded in turns with more than 45° bank Speed which must not be exceeded regardless of circumstances

81 - What is the purpose of a belt clutch in the drive system? It allows the displacement of the ignition timing during start-up It connects or disconnects the transmission from the engine to the main rotor gearbox It prevents blade movements in gusty wind conditions by blocking the drive shaft It prevents the mechanical blocking of the main rotor during autorotation

82 - What values are usually marked with a red line on instrument displays? Operational areas Operational limits Recommended areas Caution areas

83 - Cylinder head temperature indication relates to... The average of all cylinders. All Cylinders. A random cylinder. The critical cylinder.

84 - Which part of the cycle of a four-stroke Otto engine can be seen in the attachment? See figure (AGK-007) Siehe Anlage 1

First stroke - induction Second stroke - compression Fourth stroke - exhaust Third stroke - power

85 - With increasing altitude and unchanged mixture setting, the air/fuel mixture... Becomes more lean. Becomes richer. Stays constant. Becomes liquid.

86 - Why are all the connecting flanges of the main shaft designed flexible? To compensate for thermal stresses and installation errors For the distribution of pressure and tensile forces To have a predetermined breaking point for engine damage For the frictional connection to the main rotor gearbox

87 - What is the most likely reason for the starter not turning when activated? The magnetos are defect The ignition is short-circuited The rotor break is engaged The alternator is defect

88 - The sandwich structure consists of two... Thick layers and a light core material. Thin layers and a light core material. Thin layers and a heavy core material. Thick layers and a heavy core material.

89 - During hover flight (HOGE - out of ground effect) with maximum power, how does the pilot compensate for a loss of power resulting from the use of carburettor heat? Enrich the mixture Open the vents Adjust the height in a hover Turn on the electrical fuel pump

90 - How do you call fuel mixtures with a high amount of fuel? Rich Empty Full Lean

91 - The term "static pressure" is defined as pressure... Sensed by the pitot tube. Resulting from orderly flow of air particles. Of undisturbed airflow. Inside the airplane cabin.

92 - The altimeter's reference scale is set to airfield pressure (QFE). What indication is shown during the flight? Altitude above MSL Airfield elevation Pressure altitude Height above airfield

93 - QFE is the... Barometric pressure adjusted to sea level, using the international standard atmosphere (ISA). Magnetic bearing to a station. Barometric pressure at a reference datum, typically the runway threshold of an airfield. Altitude above the reference pressure level 1013.25 hPa.

94 - The indication of a magnetic compass deviates from magnetic north direction due to what errors? Gravity and magnetism Deviation, turning and acceleration errors Inclination and declination of the earth's magnetic field Variation, turning and acceleration errors

95 - The control mixing assembly... Releases the sprag freewheel and prevents rotor blockage by the engine. Overlays periodic and collective control inputs for main rotor pitch angle change. Ensures a constant pressure distribution in a hydraulic control system of a helicopter. Opens the throttle and increases engine performance if the collective is reduced.

96 - What is the reason for static dischargers on aircraft? To improve the quality of radio transmission in high altitudes To discharge static charging during flight To ensure grounding during refueling To eliminate electrical interferences during intensive radio traffic

97 - The mast bearing on the upper gearbox output acts against... Torsions. Torques. Traction and bending forces. Contact pressure.

98 - Fuel quantity in small aircraft is most commonly measured through a level sensor. The European Certification Specifications CS 23 require that... At least one fuel quantity indicator must be available to indicate the total amount of fuel abord an aircraft. This Indicator must be calibrated adequately to indicate the correct amount of fuel during all phases of flight. If the fuel indicator fails, the pilot must land at the next available airport. If no fuel quantity indicator is available to the pilot in flight, the pilot must check the fuel quantity before commencing the flight and recalculate the remaining fuel on board in regular intervals during the flight. A fuel quantity indicator must be available for each tank and the indicator must be calibrated to read "zero" during level flight when the quantity of fuel remaining in the tank is equal to the unusable fuel supply.

99 - When is it necessary to adjust the pressure in the reference scale of an alitimeter? After maintance has been finished Once a month before flight operation Before every flight and during cross country flights Every day before the first flight

100 - What is the unit for voltage? Ohm Watt Volt Ampere

101 - In which outside air temperature is icing most likely? Between -15° C and 0° C Between -5° C and +20° C Between -20° C and +5° C Between -10° C and +10° C

102 - What kind of hydraulic oil is used in aeroplane systems today? Synthetic oil Bio-oil Mineral oil Vegetable oil

103 - The correlator (for pitch compensation)... Overlays periodic and collective control inputs from the pilot. Opens the throttle when the collective is raised. Increases rotor RPM when the carburettor heat is turned on. Disables the engine via a spring-loaded resistance.

104 - A steel or lead rotor blade spar... Prevents high-frequency vibrations to the main rotor system. Improves the autorotation characteristics by increased inertia. Is necessary for the connection to the main rotor head. Holds loads of the uniform lift distribution.

105 - Which colour does Avgas 100 LL have? Blue Yellow Green Red

106 - What is the major task of a carburettor? To provide additional fuel to cool the engine To produce an ignitable air/fuel mixture To pump fuel from the tanks into the cylinder To control the aircraft's speed through the throttle valve

107 - How can the pitch angle on a helicopter's rotor blade be controlled? By electrical impulses By electric motors By control rods By cam rods

108 - A true altitude is... A pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. An altitude above mean sea level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard pressure.

109 - What is necessary for the determination of speed (IAS) by the airspeed indicator? The difference between the dynamic pressure and the static pressure The difference between the total pressure and the dynamic pressure The difference betweeen the total pressure and the static presssure The difference between the standard pressure and the total pressure

110 - What is caused by the movement of the cyclic stick? The swash plate is inclined and thus changes the pitch angle of the blades periodically The lower scissors are twisted and consequently the pitch angle of the rotor blade is changed periodically The sliding sleeve is axially moved and thus changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades collectively The trim panels are inclined and consequently a torque on the rotor blade is produced

111 - The measurement of altitude is based on the change of the... Static pressure. Dynamic pressure. Total pressure. Differential pressure.

112 - What cylinder arrangement is common in helicopters with piston engines? Boxer engine Radial engine Line engine V-type engine

113 - The droop stop... Limits blade flapping and prevents rotor blade stall. Reduces the risk of rotor blade contact with the tail boom at low rotor RPM. Decreases the bending and tensional loads on the rotor blades in all flight conditions. Decreases the bending and tensional loads on the rotor blades in all flight conditions.

114 - When using direct current, electrically driven flight instruments are marked with... "DC". "AL". "CO". "EL".

115 - Which actions shall be taken if the rotor RPM indicator fails during cruise flight? Try to get back an indication by opening and closing the throttle Increase engine power and continue the flight to the nearest airfield Continue the flight as long as the engine RPM indicator works Perform an emergency landing on suitable terrain

116 - Which are the advantages of sandwich structures? Low weight, high stiffness, high stability, and high strength Good formability and high temperature durability High temperature durability and low weight High strength and good formability

117 - What happens to a helicopter during cruise when the stick is moved forward without other corrections? The speed decreases and the sink rate decreases The speed increases and the sink rate increases The speed decreases and the sink rate increases The speed increases and the sink rate decreases

118 - In which phase of flight must the carburettor heating be switched off although carburettor icing might be expected? During take-off During cruise During taxi During climb

119 - What behaviour is shown by a rotating gyro in space? It moves in accordance with the body surrounding it It swings from east to west like a pendulum It moves in circles with a stadily decreasing radius It tends to maintain its position in space

120 - The vertical speed indicator measures the difference of pressure between... The present static pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment. The present total pressure and the total pressure of a previous moment. The present dynamic pressure and the dynamic pressure of a previous moment. The present dynamic pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment.

Change Subject New Test

Exam simulation Aircraft General Knowledge PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Exam simulation ppl-h-en 120 questions on 120 minutes