Test 120 exam questions on Aircraft General Knowledge for PPL(H)

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1 - Which of the instruments listed below obtain their readings through pressure measurement? Oil pressure gauge, fuel pressure gauge, manifold pressure gauge, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator, suction gauge Oil pressure gauge, fuel pressure gauge, fuel quantity gauge, manifold pressure gauge, differential pressure gauge, altimeter Airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeter, directional gyro, turn and bank coordinator, oil pressure gauge, fuel pressure gauge Airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeter, magnetic compass, oil pressure gauge, fuel pressure gauge

2 - At higher altitudes, true airspeed (TAS) tends to be higher than calibrated airspeed (CAS). A rough estimate of the TAS can be obtained by... Subtracting 2 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude. Adding 2 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude. Subtracting 10 % of the CAS for every 1000 m altitude. Adding 10 % of the CAS for every 1000 ft altitude.

3 - An aeroplane's current supply is carried out by the: 1. Battery 2. Generator 3. Relay 4. Circuit breaker 3 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 4 1 and 2

4 - What is the reason for a puddle of water below the helicopter after a flight in summer? The windshield wiper fluid has leaked The helicopter was frozen at cruising altitude Vapour bubbles from the fuel lines are condensed. The air conditioning was used in flight

5 - How do you call fuel mixtures with a high amount of fuel? Rich Empty Full Lean

6 - What does the abbreviation HSI stand for? Horrifying Steep Inclination Hybernating System Indication Horizontal Situation Indicator Horizontal Slip Indicator

7 - The hydraulic pump of the control system is driven by the... Main rotor gearbox. Additional aggregate. Engine. Alternator.

8 - What difference in altitude is shown by an altimeter, if the reference pressure scale setting is changed from 1000 hPa to 1010 hPa? Values depending on QNH Zero 80 m less than before 80 m more than before

9 - Which components do rotor blades made of wood contain? Spar of wood, filling material of plastic, and outer skin of wood Spar of wood, filling material of wood, and outer skin of plastic Spar of metal, filling material of metal, and erosion protection of wood Spar of metal, filling material of wood and erosion protection of metal

10 - The term "inclination" is defined as... Angle between magnetic and true north. Deviation induced by electrical fields. Angle between airplane's longitudinal axis and true north. Angle between earth's magnetic field lines and horizontal plane.

11 - What is the advantage of a pushing tail rotor over a pulling tail rotor? Gain of thrust by Coanda and Magnus effect due to the airflow around the tail boom Effective airflow of tail rotor blades by using the downwash Less thrust loss by free outflow of the accelerated air mass Self-compensating anti-torque operation by using the downwash

12 - The droop stop... Limits blade flapping and prevents rotor blade stall. Reduces the risk of rotor blade contact with the tail boom at low rotor RPM. Decreases the bending and tensional loads on the rotor blades in all flight conditions. Decreases the bending and tensional loads on the rotor blades in all flight conditions.

13 - What behaviour is shown by a rotating gyro in space? It moves in accordance with the body surrounding it It swings from east to west like a pendulum It moves in circles with a stadily decreasing radius It tends to maintain its position in space

14 - The term "static pressure" is defined as pressure... Sensed by the pitot tube. Resulting from orderly flow of air particles. Of undisturbed airflow. Inside the airplane cabin.

15 - A turn and bank (or turn and slip) coordinator provides information regarding... The rate of turn and bank angle of the aircraft. The coordination of the turn and slip angle. The rate of turn and coordination, i.e. slip or skid, of the turn. The pitch and bank angle of the aircraft.

16 - What is the meaning of the red range on the airspeed indicator? Speed which must not be exceeded within bumpy air Speed which must not be exceeded with flaps extended Speed which must not be exceeded in turns with more than 45° bank Speed which must not be exceeded regardless of circumstances

17 - A true altitude is... A pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. An altitude above mean sea level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard pressure.

18 - What values are usually marked with a red line on instrument displays? Operational areas Operational limits Recommended areas Caution areas

19 - What is necessary for the determination of speed (IAS) by the airspeed indicator? The difference between the dynamic pressure and the static pressure The difference between the total pressure and the dynamic pressure The difference betweeen the total pressure and the static presssure The difference between the standard pressure and the total pressure

20 - A spider control... Feeds fuel by the rotational movement of pistons with various lengths. Prevents the overlay of collective and periodic control inputs on the main rotor. Changes the ignition timing of the magneto ignition during start-up. Changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades via an internal control rod.

21 - What is the purpose of a belt clutch in the drive system? It allows the displacement of the ignition timing during start-up It connects or disconnects the transmission from the engine to the main rotor gearbox It prevents blade movements in gusty wind conditions by blocking the drive shaft It prevents the mechanical blocking of the main rotor during autorotation

22 - Which part of the cycle of a four-stroke Otto engine can be seen in the attachment? See figure (AGK-008) Siehe Anlage 2

Second stroke - compression First stroke - induction Third stroke - power Fourth stroke - exhaust

23 - Which gauges involve a measurement of temperature? Engine lubricant, exhaust gas, outside air, cabin air, directional gyro Engine lubricant, cylinder head, exhaust gas, suction, outside air, cabin air Engine lubricant, engine cooling fluid, cylinder head, exhaust gas, outside air, cabin air Engine oil, cylinder head, exhaust gas, altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator

24 - The mast bearing on the upper gearbox output acts against... Torsions. Torques. Traction and bending forces. Contact pressure.

25 - In which way may an altimeter subscale which is set to an incorrect QNH lead to an incorrect altimeter reading? If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much greater heights above the ground than intended

26 - Which colour does Avgas 100 LL have? Blue Yellow Green Red

27 - Which actions shall be taken if the rotor RPM indicator fails during cruise flight? Try to get back an indication by opening and closing the throttle Increase engine power and continue the flight to the nearest airfield Continue the flight as long as the engine RPM indicator works Perform an emergency landing on suitable terrain

28 - In which phase of flight must the carburettor heating be switched off although carburettor icing might be expected? During take-off During cruise During taxi During climb

29 - Which instrument can be affected by the hysteresis error? Direct reading compass Altimeter Vertical speed indicator Tachometer

30 - Which cockpit instruments are connected to the static port? Airspeed indicator, direct-reading compass, slip indicator Altimeter, slip indicator, navigational computer Airspeed indicator, altimeter, direct-reading compass Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator

31 - The indication of a magnetic compass deviates from magnetic north direction due to what errors? Gravity and magnetism Deviation, turning and acceleration errors Inclination and declination of the earth's magnetic field Variation, turning and acceleration errors

32 - What is the major task of a carburettor? To provide additional fuel to cool the engine To produce an ignitable air/fuel mixture To pump fuel from the tanks into the cylinder To control the aircraft's speed through the throttle valve

33 - Fuel quantity in small aircraft is most commonly measured through a level sensor. The European Certification Specifications CS 23 require that... At least one fuel quantity indicator must be available to indicate the total amount of fuel abord an aircraft. This Indicator must be calibrated adequately to indicate the correct amount of fuel during all phases of flight. If the fuel indicator fails, the pilot must land at the next available airport. If no fuel quantity indicator is available to the pilot in flight, the pilot must check the fuel quantity before commencing the flight and recalculate the remaining fuel on board in regular intervals during the flight. A fuel quantity indicator must be available for each tank and the indicator must be calibrated to read "zero" during level flight when the quantity of fuel remaining in the tank is equal to the unusable fuel supply.

34 - Which is the purpose of the altimeter subscale? To set the reference level for the altitude decoder of the transponder To adjust the altimeter reading for non-standard temperature To correct the altimeter reading for system errors To reference the altimeter reading to a predetermined level such as mean sea level, aerodrome level or pressure level 1013.25 hPa

35 - Which of the following factors could cause an erroneous airspeed indication? The boost pressure line is defective The aircraft is covered with adhesive foils A circuit breaker was pulled The earth wire is still attached

36 - The correlator (for pitch compensation)... Overlays periodic and collective control inputs from the pilot. Opens the throttle when the collective is raised. Increases rotor RPM when the carburettor heat is turned on. Disables the engine via a spring-loaded resistance.

37 - What is the unit for voltage? Ohm Watt Volt Ampere

38 - Which of the mentioned cockpit instruments is connected to the pitot tube? Vertical speed indicator Airspeed indicator Altimeter Direct-reading compass

39 - What has to be considered during refueling? Apply ground wires, turn on the main switch and magneto ignition No open fires, obey smoking ban and apply ground cables Check the fuel content of the tank with a torch and remove fire protection Refuel through a soaked rag and keep a fire extinguisher available

40 - What happens during oil filter clocking? A bypass valve opens thus enabling the circulation to continue, debris will not be filtered The oil circulation will end after 30 minutes so that a proper engine run will not be guaranteed A bypass valve opens thus enabling the circulation to continue, debris will be filtered by an alternate filter The oil circulation will end after 15 minutes so that a proper engine run will not be guaranteed

41 - An aircraft cruises on a heading of 180° with a true airspeed of 100 kt. The wind comes from 180° with 30 kt. Neglecting instrument and position errors, which will be the approximate reading of the airspeed indicator? 100 kt 70 kt 30 kt 130 kt

42 - What reduces wearout on a skid-shoe landing gear? Angled landing skids Hardened skid shoes Blanked bend tubes Flexible fittings

43 - QFE is the... Barometric pressure adjusted to sea level, using the international standard atmosphere (ISA). Magnetic bearing to a station. Barometric pressure at a reference datum, typically the runway threshold of an airfield. Altitude above the reference pressure level 1013.25 hPa.

44 - The airspeed indicator is unservicable. The airplane may only be operated... If no maintenance organisation is around. When the airspeed indicator is fully functional again. When a GPS with speed indication is used during flight. If only airfield patterns are flown.

45 - The altimeter's reference scale is set to airfield pressure (QFE). What indication is shown during the flight? Altitude above MSL Airfield elevation Pressure altitude Height above airfield

46 - Where does a geometrically twisted rotor blade have its largest pitch angle? Next to the rotor blade roots Between rotor blade tips and rotor blade roots In the entire area of the rotor blade Next to the rotor blade tips

47 - Cylinder head temperature indication relates to... The average of all cylinders. All Cylinders. A random cylinder. The critical cylinder.

48 - Which actions shall be taken if the engine oil pressure continuously drops to zero? Check the mixture lever and enrich the mixture Reduce engine performance and continue the flight to the destination Monitor oil temperature and land at the nearest airfield Land immediately on suitable terrain and be prepared for an autorotation

49 - What allows the removal of drag hinges in semi-rigid rotor systems? Use of a gimbal ring with central flapping hinge Geometric or aerodynamic twist of the rotor blades Additional cone hinges on the rotor head Rotor blade attachment below the central flapping hinge

50 - What is the task of cooling fins on air-cooled engine cylinders? Quick heat transfer to the surrounding air flow by expanding the surface Leading the airflow to parts designated to be cooled Cooling of the cylinder surrounding airflow and forwarding to hotter engine parts Increasing the airflow thus improving cooling of cylinder parts

51 - What kind of hydraulic oil is used in aeroplane systems today? Synthetic oil Bio-oil Mineral oil Vegetable oil

52 - The sandwich structure consists of two... Thick layers and a light core material. Thin layers and a light core material. Thin layers and a heavy core material. Thick layers and a heavy core material.

53 - A flight level is a... True altitude. Pressure altitude. Altitude above ground. Density altitude.

54 - The Pitot / static system is required to... Prevent icing of the Pitot tube. Measure total and static air pressure. Correct the reading of the airspeed indicator to zero when the aircraft is static on the ground. Prevent potential static buildup on the aircraft.

55 - What devices can be affected by a failure of the electrical system in a helicopter? Airspeed indicator, altimeter and artificial horizon Radio equipment, navigation equipment and magnetic compass Radio equipment, navigation equipment and gyros Fuel quantity indication, radio equipment and altimeter

56 - What is the reason for static dischargers on aircraft? To improve the quality of radio transmission in high altitudes To discharge static charging during flight To ensure grounding during refueling To eliminate electrical interferences during intensive radio traffic

57 - The control mixing assembly... Releases the sprag freewheel and prevents rotor blockage by the engine. Overlays periodic and collective control inputs for main rotor pitch angle change. Ensures a constant pressure distribution in a hydraulic control system of a helicopter. Opens the throttle and increases engine performance if the collective is reduced.

58 - Which value can the pilot derive from the tachometer? Airspeed of the helicopter Crankshaft or main rotor revolutions per minute Vertical speed of the helicopter Engine performance and rotor performance

59 - The vertical speed indicator measures the difference of pressure between... The present static pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment. The present total pressure and the total pressure of a previous moment. The present dynamic pressure and the dynamic pressure of a previous moment. The present dynamic pressure and the static pressure of a previous moment.

60 - Which rotor blade material enables the construction of hingeless rotor heads? Aluminium Titan Timber Plastic

61 - During a flight in colder-than-ISA air the indicated altitude is... Lower than the true altitude Higher than the true altitude. Eqal to the true altitude. Equal to the standard altitude.

62 - The rotor brake should be engaged (provided that no other procedure is described in the flight manual)... During all prescribed pre-flight checks on the ground. For inside parking. For outside parking. During start-up until reaching the prescribed rotor rpm.

63 - What is the advantage of a gyrodyne compared to a helicopter? Large centre of gravity limits High airspeed in cruise No gearbox is necessary Low fuel consumption

64 - How is referred to a tubular steel construction with a non self-supporting skin? Grid construction Honeycomb structure Monocoque construction Semi-monocoque construction.

65 - The primer is... A nozzle in the Venturi tube of a carburettor for atomising the fuel. A mechanical switch in the cockpit to engage the turbocharger. A valve in the fuel control system for automatic mixture regulation. An auxiliary pump in the fuel system to facilitate engine starting.

66 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 270° to a heading of 360°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? 030° 330° 270° 360°

67 - The compass error caused by the aircraft's magnetic field is called... Deviation. Declination. Inclination. Variation.

68 - Why are all the connecting flanges of the main shaft designed flexible? To compensate for thermal stresses and installation errors For the distribution of pressure and tensile forces To have a predetermined breaking point for engine damage For the frictional connection to the main rotor gearbox

69 - With increasing altitude and unchanged mixture setting, the air/fuel mixture... Becomes more lean. Becomes richer. Stays constant. Becomes liquid.

70 - An attitude director indicator (ADI) combines the information provided by... The attitude indicator and the relative bearing indicator. The directional gyro and the rate gyro. The attitude indicator and the flight director. The attitude indicator and the radio magnetic indicator.

71 - With increasing altitude, the power of a carburettor engine... Remains constant. Increases. Decreases. First decreases, from 5000 ft on increases.

72 - When is it necessary to adjust the pressure in the reference scale of an alitimeter? After maintance has been finished Once a month before flight operation Before every flight and during cross country flights Every day before the first flight

73 - What does the slip indicator show? Airplane's bank Vertical to horizon Apparent vertical Rate of turn

74 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 030° to a heading of 180°. At approximately which indicated magnetic heading should the turn be terminated? 150°. 360°. 180°. 210°.

75 - What is the unit for electrical power? Ampere Watt Volt Ohm

76 - The load factor "n" describes the relationship between... Drag and lift. Thrust and drag. Lift and weight. Weight and thrust.

77 - Which pressure is sensed by the Pitot tube? Dynamic air pressure Cabin air pressure Static air pressure Total air pressure

78 - Which of the stated materials shows the highest strength? Aluminium Magnesium Carbon fiber re-inforced plastic Wood

79 - During hover flight (HOGE - out of ground effect) with maximum power, how does the pilot compensate for a loss of power resulting from the use of carburettor heat? Enrich the mixture Open the vents Adjust the height in a hover Turn on the electrical fuel pump

80 - What kind of helicopter needs a tail rotor? Single-rotor helicopter with shaft drive Twin-rotor helicopter with counter-rotating main rotors Single-rotor helicopter with blade drive Twin-rotor autogyro with counter-rotating main rotors

81 - In which outside air temperature is icing most likely? Between -15° C and 0° C Between -5° C and +20° C Between -20° C and +5° C Between -10° C and +10° C

82 - What cylinder arrangement is common in helicopters with piston engines? Boxer engine Radial engine Line engine V-type engine

83 - The slip indicator's ball (apparent vertical) has moved to the right during a right turn. By what actions may the ball led back to middle position? Reduce speed, increase bank Reduce bank, increase rate of turn Reduce rate of turn, reduce bank Increase bank, increase rate of turn

84 - What needs to be considered if permissible limitations were exceeded? The helicopter must be inspected by a qualified engineer before the next flight The helicopter must be subjected to a duplicate inspected by two engineers The helicopter must be inspected by the pilot in command and if no defect is found, no appropriate entry in the aircraft technical log is necessary The helicopter must be inspected by at least two pilots licensed on the type, one of whom must be the pilot in command

85 - The Caution Area is marked on an airspeed indicator by what color? White Red Green Yellow

86 - Why is leaning the fuel mixture without an EGT indicator very dangerous in helicopters? The risk of engine stoppage exists The risk of vapour lock in the reserve tank exists The electric fuel pump overheats The power output from the engine is growing rapidly

87 - Which components do rotor blades made of synthetic material contain? Spar of lead and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of stainless steel Spar of synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of aluminum Spar of aluminum and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material Spar of stainless steel, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material

88 - When using direct current, electrically driven flight instruments are marked with... "DC". "AL". "CO". "EL".

89 - Which components do rotor blades made of metal contain? Spar of titan, filling material of stainless steel, and outer skin of steel Spar of lead, filling material of steel, and outer skin of stainless steel Spar of aluminum, filling material of titan, and outer skin of aluminum Spar of steel, filling material of aluminum, and outer skin of aluminum

90 - What is likely to be the cause if the engine runs unusually rough while checking the magnetos? Short circuit on the ground cable Sparking plug is defective Ignition switch is faulty Starter is faulty

91 - What happens to a helicopter during cruise when the stick is moved forward without other corrections? The speed decreases and the sink rate decreases The speed increases and the sink rate increases The speed decreases and the sink rate increases The speed increases and the sink rate decreases

92 - Piston engines of helicopters have... One magneto ignition system. Two independent ignition systems. Two coupled ignition systems. One electrical ignition system.

93 - Where does the condensation water converge in the tank? It floats on the fuel At the lowest position Near the cap of the tank It is mixed with the fuel

94 - What is the purpose of the tank ventilation? To prevent underpressure caused by fuel consumption To distribute the fuel from one tank segment to the other during flight To prevent water disposal during parking To prevent fuel spillage during refueling on the filler plug

95 - Which of the following states the working principle of an airspeed indicator? Dynamic air pressure is measured by the Pitot tube and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator Total air pressure is measured by the static ports and converted into a speed indication by the airspeed indicator Total air pressure is measured and compared against static air pressure. Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum.

96 - Which are the advantages of sandwich structures? Low weight, high stiffness, high stability, and high strength Good formability and high temperature durability High temperature durability and low weight High strength and good formability

97 - The connection between the main rotor mast and the main rotor head is... Screwed. Welded. Pressed. Glued.

98 - The measurement of altitude is based on the change of the... Static pressure. Dynamic pressure. Total pressure. Differential pressure.

99 - What does the dynamic pressure depend directly on? Lift- and drag coefficient Air pressure and air temperature Air density and airflow speed squared Air density and lift coefficient

100 - Lower-than-standard temperature may lead to... An altitude indication which is too high. A correct altitude indication as long as the altimeter subscale is set to correct for non-standard temperature. A blockage of the Pitot tube by ice, freezing the altimeter indication to its present value. An altitude indication which is too low.

101 - How can the belts of a belt clutch be tightened? Approximation of two rotating plates Increase of drive shaft distance Increase of engine RPM Extension of a pneumatic cylinder

102 - A vertical speed indicator measures the difference between... Instantaneous total pressure and previous total pressure. Total pressure and static pressure. Instantaneous static pressure and previous static pressure. Dynamic pressure and total pressure.

103 - What is the most likely reason for the starter not turning when activated? The magnetos are defect The ignition is short-circuited The rotor break is engaged The alternator is defect

104 - A gyro which is rotating in space responds to forces being applied to it by an evasive movement... At an angle of 45° to the force being applied. In a northern direction. At an angle of 90° to the force being applied. At an angle of 180° to the force being applied.

105 - Calibrated airspeed (CAS) equals... Ground speed (GS) corrected for instrument and position error. True airspeed (TAS) corrected for wind. Indicated airspeed (IAS) corrected for instrument and position error. Equivalent airspeed (EAS) corrected for altitude.

106 - What is the purpose of engine oil in piston engine? Cooling, lubrication and increasing engine performance. Cooling, lubrication of the engine and disposal of fine abrasion. For nose reduction and bearing of the propeller shaft. Cooling of the engine and lubrication of propeller shaft.

107 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 360° to a heading of 270°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? 270° 360° 300° 240°

108 - Which light colour advises the pilot to the condition "corrective action may be required in the future"? Green Red Amber (orange) Blue

109 - What does the octane rating or fuel grade describe? Flame front speed Anti-knock rating Combustion temperature Ignition timing

110 - A steel or lead rotor blade spar... Prevents high-frequency vibrations to the main rotor system. Improves the autorotation characteristics by increased inertia. Is necessary for the connection to the main rotor head. Holds loads of the uniform lift distribution.

111 - How can the pitch angle on a helicopter's rotor blade be controlled? By electrical impulses By electric motors By control rods By cam rods

112 - What might be the reason for scratches on the tail stringer? Old colour Intense erosion Rotor blade contact Contact with ground

113 - The rotor blades in a shrouded tail rotor can be arranged asymmetrically to... Utilize the Coanda effect. Increase the generated thrust. Reduce the noise emissions. Reduce the production costs.

114 - What is caused by the movement of the cyclic stick? The swash plate is inclined and thus changes the pitch angle of the blades periodically The lower scissors are twisted and consequently the pitch angle of the rotor blade is changed periodically The sliding sleeve is axially moved and thus changes the pitch angle of the rotor blades collectively The trim panels are inclined and consequently a torque on the rotor blade is produced

115 - Which method of measurement is mostly used for the fuel supply indication on helicopters? Dipstick measurement Flow measurement Inductive measurement Capacitive measurement

116 - The highest absorbtion of humidity in fuel can be observed in which situation? During parking on cold aprons Almost empty tanks Almost full tanks During parking on wet gras areas

117 - Which of the following options states the working principle of a vertical speed indicator? Total air pressure is measured and compared to static pressure Measuring the present static air pressure and comparing it to the static air pressure inside a reservoir Measuring the vertical acceleration through the displacement of a gimbal-mounted mass Static air pressure is measured and compared against a vacuum

118 - The trim is used to... Adapt the control force. Lock control elements. Move the centre of gravity. Increase adverse yaw.

119 - The bank angle of a 2-minutes circle depends on the... CAS. TAS. IAS. Ground speed.

120 - The advance angle is the angle between the... Advancing rotor blade and retreating rotor blade. Fixed control rod and lower scissors. Circumferential control rod and rotor blade longitudinal axis. Delta-three-flapping hinge and rotor blade longitudinal axis.

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