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Exam simulation Human Performance and limitations PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Exam simulation ppl-h-en 120 questions on 120 minutes

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1 - Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach? The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too high and therefore descents below the regular glide slope The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too low and therefore approaches the runway above the regular glide slope The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too slow and speeds up above the normal approach speed The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too fast and reduces the speed below the normal approach speed

2 - In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment? The eustachien tube is blocked All windows are completely closed Breathing takes place using the mouth only During a light and slow climb

3 - What is a latent error? An error which only has consequences after landing An error which has an immediate effect on the controls An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time

4 - Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured? By a particular frequency allocation By the use of radio phraseology By using radios certified for aviation use only By the use of proper headsets

5 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Generator failure Cracks in the heat exchanger. Fuel or hydraulic fluids. Pitot icing.

6 - Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks? Due to group-dynamic effects During check flights due to a high level of nervousness During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast If there is not enough information available

7 - What is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere? 78 % 21 % 0.1 % 1 %

8 - What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 6000 ft? 18.9 % 12 % 78 % 21 %

9 - An acceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of... A bank. A descent. A climb. An inverted flight.

10 - Which of the following is responsible for the blood coagulation? White blood cells (leucocytes) Blood plates (thrombocytes) Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Capillaries of the arteries

11 - Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperventilaton? Tingling Spasm Disturbance of consciousness Cyanose

12 - Which of the following options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)? Non-accelerated straight and level flight Turbulence in level flight Head movements during turns Flying under the influence of alcohol

13 - Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia? Smoking Diving Menstruation Blood donation

14 - Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia? Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails Muscle cramps in the upper body area Blue marks all over the body Joint pain in knees and feet

15 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Alcohol. Unhealthy food. Smoking. Little sleep.

16 - The occurence of a vertigo is most likely when moving the head... During a descent. During a turn. During a climb. During a straight horizontal flight.

17 - What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope? A landing beside the centerline An overshoot An undershoot A hard landing

18 - The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called... Eardrum Eustachian tube. Inner ear. Cochlea.

19 - Which part of the visual system is responsible for colour vision? Cones Rods Macula Blind spot

20 - What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot? Extroverted - stable Introverted - unstable Extroverted - unstable Introverted - stable

21 - Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory? It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds

22 - Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory 1, 2, 3, 4 ,1, 2, 3 2, 4 1

23 - Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots? Curved sidepiece Unbreakable No UV filter Non-polarised

24 - What does the term "Red-out" mean? Anaemia caused by an injury "Red vision" during negative g-loads Rash during decompression sickness Falsified colour perception during sunrise and sunset

25 - Which dangerous situation could arise when the helicopter engine is started in strong tailwind conditions? Decompression sickness Carbon monoxide poisoning Binocular vision Rotary vertigo

26 - What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable? Avoid conversation and choose a higher airspeed Switch on the heater blower and provide thermal blankets Give additional oxygen and avoid low load factors Adjust cabin temperature and prevent excessive bank

27 - Which answer is correct concerning stress? Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem Training and experience have no influence on the occurence of stress Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety

28 - Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. What is the approximate percentage of other gases? 21 % 1 % 0.1 % 78 %

29 - At which altitude is the atmospheric pressure approximately half the MSL value (1013 hPa)? 5000 ft 18000 ft 10000 ft 22000 ft

30 - The majority of aviation accidents are caused by... Geographical influences Meteorological influences. Human failure. Technical failure.

31 - Which factor can lead to human error? Double check of relevant actions Proper use of checklists The bias to see what we expect to see To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous

32 - Which answer states a risk factor for diabetes? Alcohol consumption Sleep deficiency Smoking Overweight

33 - The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called... Situational thinking Situational awareness. Anticipatory check procedure. Constant flight check.

34 - The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately... 0.3 percent. 0.01 percent 0.1 percent. 0.03 percent.

35 - From which altitude on does the body usually react to the decreasing atmospheric pressure? 7000 feet 12000 feet 2000 feet 10000 feet

36 - Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia? The visual perception (vision) The oltfactory perception (smell) The tactile perception (sense of touch) The auditory perception (hearing)

37 - What is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)? Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood sugar regulation Blood coagulation

38 - What is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)? Blood coagulation Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood sugar regulation

39 - What is the parallax error? Misperception of speed during taxiing Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision A decoding error in communication between pilots Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night

40 - For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information? 10 to 20 seconds 30 to 40 seconds 3 to 7 seconds 35 to 50 seconds

41 - The "swiss cheese model" can be used to explain the... State of readiness of a pilot Procedure for an emergency landing. Optimal problem solution. Error chain.

42 - What is the meaning of "risky shift"? Seat adjustment in flight The tendency to accept higher risks in groups Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope

43 - What is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency? Critical nervous system Automatical nervous system Autonomic nervous system Compliant nervous system

44 - Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of... Starting a climb. Steady turning in the same direction as before. Starting a descent. Turning into the opposite direction.

45 - What does the term "confirmation bias" mean? The feedback loop in a closed communication The preference to find arguments to proof the own mental model The bias to confirm each radio call The critical check of ambiguous situations in flight

46 - A risk factor for decompression sickness is... 100 % oxygen after decompression. Sports. Smoking. Scuba diving prior to flight.

47 - The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? See figure (HPL- 002) P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress Siehe Anlage 1

question hpl-002.jpg

Point D Point C Point B Point A

48 - Complacency is a risk due to... The high number of mistakes normally made by humans. The high error rate of technical systems. Increased cockpit automation. Better training options for young pilots

49 - Which hazard arises during a helicopter night flight in blowing snow? Engine monitoring displays are scanned with increased attention Anti-collision light and rotors can cause the "flicker vertigo" High partial pressures in the human body can cause hyperventilation or autokinesis High air pressure and low temperatures can clog the "eustachian tube"

50 - A deceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of... An inverted flight. A descent. A climb. A bank.

51 - What is an indication for a macho attitude? Risky flight maneuvers to impress spectators on ground Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations Quick resignation in complex and critical situations Careful walkaround procedure

52 - Which altitude marks the lower limit where the the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure? 12000 feet 7000 feet 5000 feet 22000 feet

53 - What ist the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor? Reflex Coherence Virulence Reduction

54 - Anemic hypoxia can be caused by... High altitudes Low pressure Carbon monoxide poisoning. Alcohol.

55 - In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately? Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce

56 - What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)? Blood sugar regulation Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood coagulation

57 - Which dangerous attitudes are often combined? Impulsivity and carefulness Macho and invulnerability Self-abandonment and macho Invulnerability and self-abandonment

58 - A Grey-out is the result of... Tiredness. Hypoxia Hyperventilation. Positive g-forces.

59 - At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? See figure (HPL-002) P = Perfromance A = Arousal / Stress Siehe Anlage 1

question hpl-002.jpg

Point A Point B Point D Point C

60 - Visual illusions are mostly caused by... Colour blindness. Binocular vision. Misinterpretation of the brain. Rapid eye movements.

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