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Exam simulation Human Performance and limitations PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Exam simulation ppl-h-en 120 questions on 120 minutes

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1 - Which dangerous situation could arise when the helicopter engine is started in strong tailwind conditions? Decompression sickness Carbon monoxide poisoning Binocular vision Rotary vertigo

2 - The majority of aviation accidents are caused by... Geographical influences Meteorological influences. Human failure. Technical failure.

3 - What is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)? Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood sugar regulation Blood coagulation

4 - Which answer states a risk factor for diabetes? Alcohol consumption Sleep deficiency Smoking Overweight

5 - What ist the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor? Reflex Coherence Virulence Reduction

6 - The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? See figure (HPL- 002) P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress Siehe Anlage 1

question hpl-002.jpg

Point D Point C Point B Point A

7 - The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called... Situational thinking Situational awareness. Anticipatory check procedure. Constant flight check.

8 - Visual illusions are mostly caused by... Colour blindness. Binocular vision. Misinterpretation of the brain. Rapid eye movements.

9 - Which part of the visual system is responsible for colour vision? Cones Rods Macula Blind spot

10 - What is the meaning of "risky shift"? Seat adjustment in flight The tendency to accept higher risks in groups Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope

11 - What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot? Extroverted - stable Introverted - unstable Extroverted - unstable Introverted - stable

12 - The "swiss cheese model" can be used to explain the... State of readiness of a pilot Procedure for an emergency landing. Optimal problem solution. Error chain.

13 - The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately... 0.3 percent. 0.01 percent 0.1 percent. 0.03 percent.

14 - A risk factor for decompression sickness is... 100 % oxygen after decompression. Sports. Smoking. Scuba diving prior to flight.

15 - Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach? The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too high and therefore descents below the regular glide slope The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too low and therefore approaches the runway above the regular glide slope The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too slow and speeds up above the normal approach speed The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too fast and reduces the speed below the normal approach speed

16 - Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks? Due to group-dynamic effects During check flights due to a high level of nervousness During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast If there is not enough information available

17 - What is the parallax error? Misperception of speed during taxiing Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision A decoding error in communication between pilots Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night

18 - A Grey-out is the result of... Tiredness. Hypoxia Hyperventilation. Positive g-forces.

19 - From which altitude on does the body usually react to the decreasing atmospheric pressure? 7000 feet 12000 feet 2000 feet 10000 feet

20 - Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia? The visual perception (vision) The oltfactory perception (smell) The tactile perception (sense of touch) The auditory perception (hearing)

21 - Complacency is a risk due to... The high number of mistakes normally made by humans. The high error rate of technical systems. Increased cockpit automation. Better training options for young pilots

22 - In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately? Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce

23 - Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia? Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails Muscle cramps in the upper body area Blue marks all over the body Joint pain in knees and feet

24 - The occurence of a vertigo is most likely when moving the head... During a descent. During a turn. During a climb. During a straight horizontal flight.

25 - Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia? Smoking Diving Menstruation Blood donation

26 - At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? See figure (HPL-002) P = Perfromance A = Arousal / Stress Siehe Anlage 1

question hpl-002.jpg

Point A Point B Point D Point C

27 - What is an indication for a macho attitude? Risky flight maneuvers to impress spectators on ground Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations Quick resignation in complex and critical situations Careful walkaround procedure

28 - A deceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of... An inverted flight. A descent. A climb. A bank.

29 - Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of... Starting a climb. Steady turning in the same direction as before. Starting a descent. Turning into the opposite direction.

30 - What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope? A landing beside the centerline An overshoot An undershoot A hard landing

31 - Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots? Curved sidepiece Unbreakable No UV filter Non-polarised

32 - What is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)? Blood coagulation Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood sugar regulation

33 - Which dangerous attitudes are often combined? Impulsivity and carefulness Macho and invulnerability Self-abandonment and macho Invulnerability and self-abandonment

34 - What is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency? Critical nervous system Automatical nervous system Autonomic nervous system Compliant nervous system

35 - The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called... Eardrum Eustachian tube. Inner ear. Cochlea.

36 - What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)? Blood sugar regulation Oxygen transport Immune defense Blood coagulation

37 - What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable? Avoid conversation and choose a higher airspeed Switch on the heater blower and provide thermal blankets Give additional oxygen and avoid low load factors Adjust cabin temperature and prevent excessive bank

38 - For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information? 10 to 20 seconds 30 to 40 seconds 3 to 7 seconds 35 to 50 seconds

39 - Which factor can lead to human error? Double check of relevant actions Proper use of checklists The bias to see what we expect to see To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous

40 - What is a latent error? An error which only has consequences after landing An error which has an immediate effect on the controls An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time

41 - Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured? By a particular frequency allocation By the use of radio phraseology By using radios certified for aviation use only By the use of proper headsets

42 - What is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere? 78 % 21 % 0.1 % 1 %

43 - Which of the following options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)? Non-accelerated straight and level flight Turbulence in level flight Head movements during turns Flying under the influence of alcohol

44 - An acceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of... A bank. A descent. A climb. An inverted flight.

45 - Which altitude marks the lower limit where the the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure? 12000 feet 7000 feet 5000 feet 22000 feet

46 - Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperventilaton? Tingling Spasm Disturbance of consciousness Cyanose

47 - Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory? It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds

48 - Which of the following is responsible for the blood coagulation? White blood cells (leucocytes) Blood plates (thrombocytes) Red blood cells (erythrocytes) Capillaries of the arteries

49 - Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory 1, 2, 3, 4 ,1, 2, 3 2, 4 1

50 - Which hazard arises during a helicopter night flight in blowing snow? Engine monitoring displays are scanned with increased attention Anti-collision light and rotors can cause the "flicker vertigo" High partial pressures in the human body can cause hyperventilation or autokinesis High air pressure and low temperatures can clog the "eustachian tube"

51 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Generator failure Cracks in the heat exchanger. Fuel or hydraulic fluids. Pitot icing.

52 - What does the term "confirmation bias" mean? The feedback loop in a closed communication The preference to find arguments to proof the own mental model The bias to confirm each radio call The critical check of ambiguous situations in flight

53 - Which answer is correct concerning stress? Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem Training and experience have no influence on the occurence of stress Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety

54 - What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 6000 ft? 18.9 % 12 % 78 % 21 %

55 - At which altitude is the atmospheric pressure approximately half the MSL value (1013 hPa)? 5000 ft 18000 ft 10000 ft 22000 ft

56 - What does the term "Red-out" mean? Anaemia caused by an injury "Red vision" during negative g-loads Rash during decompression sickness Falsified colour perception during sunrise and sunset

57 - Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. What is the approximate percentage of other gases? 21 % 1 % 0.1 % 78 %

58 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Alcohol. Unhealthy food. Smoking. Little sleep.

59 - In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment? The eustachien tube is blocked All windows are completely closed Breathing takes place using the mouth only During a light and slow climb

60 - Anemic hypoxia can be caused by... High altitudes Low pressure Carbon monoxide poisoning. Alcohol.

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