Exam quiz Human Performance and limitations - PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Question 1

Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. What is the approximate percentage of other gases?

Accepted Answer

1 %

Answer

21 %

Answer

0.1 %

Answer

78 %

Question 2

What is an indication for a macho attitude?

Accepted Answer

Risky flight manoeuvres to impress spectators on ground

Answer

Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations

Answer

Quick resignation in complex and critical situations

Answer

Careful walkaround procedure

Question 3

What is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Blood coagulation

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Question 4

What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable?

Accepted Answer

Adjust cabin temperature and prevent excessive bank

Answer

Avoid conversation and choose a higher airspeed

Answer

Switch on the heater blower and provide thermal blankets

Answer

Give additional oxygen and avoid low load factors

Question 5

What does the term "Red-out" mean?

Accepted Answer

"Red vision" during negative g-loads

Answer

Anaemia caused by an injury

Answer

Rash during decompression sickness

Answer

Falsified colour perception during sunrise and sunset

Question 6

What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope?

Accepted Answer

An overshoot

Answer

A landing beside the centreline

Answer

An undershoot

Answer

A hard landing

Question 7

Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots?

Accepted Answer

Non-polarised

Answer

Curved sidepiece

Answer

Unbreakable

Answer

No UV filter

Question 8

Which statement about spatial disorientation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can occur when visual references are poor or misleading.

Answer

It occurs only in multi-engine aircraft.

Answer

It is prevented by ignoring instruments.

Answer

It improves with fatigue.

Question 9

What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Blood coagulation

Question 10

Which statement about medication is correct?

Accepted Answer

It should be checked for compatibility with flying before use.

Answer

It is always safe if available without prescription.

Answer

It replaces a medical certificate.

Answer

It has no side effects in pilots.

Question 11

Why is personal minimums important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

They provide a safety buffer above legal minima.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 12

What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot?

Accepted Answer

Extroverted - stable

Answer

Introverted - unstable

Answer

Extroverted - unstable

Answer

Introverted - stable

Question 13

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot feels tingling in the fingers and dizziness after rapid breathing during a stressful event.

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation should be considered.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 14

Visual illusions are mostly caused by...

Accepted Answer

Misinterpretation of the brain.

Answer

Colour blindness.

Answer

Binocular vision.

Answer

Rapid eye movements.

Question 15

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot continues toward deteriorating weather because the destination is close.

Accepted Answer

Plan-continuation bias should be considered.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 16

A risk factor for decompression sickness is...

Accepted Answer

Scuba diving prior to flight.

Answer

100 % oxygen after decompression.

Answer

Sports.

Answer

Smoking.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Diving

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Menstruation

Answer

Blood donation

Question 18

In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately?

Accepted Answer

Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept

Answer

Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude

Answer

Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer

Answer

Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce

Question 19

Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach?

Accepted Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too high and therefore descents below the regular glide slope

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too low and therefore approaches the runway above the regular glide slope

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too slow and speeds up above the normal approach speed

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too fast and reduces the speed below the normal approach speed

Question 20

Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds

Answer

It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds

Answer

It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes

Answer

It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds

Question 21

Which action best supports safe management of nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Avoid flying when hunger or heavy meals may degrade performance.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 22

The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called...

Accepted Answer

Eustachian tube

Answer

Eardrum

Answer

Inner ear

Answer

Cochlea

Question 23

Which hazard arises during a helicopter night flight in blowing snow?

Accepted Answer

Anti-collision light and rotors can cause the "flicker vertigo"

Answer

Engine monitoring displays are scanned with increased attention

Answer

High partial pressures in the human body can cause hyperventilation or autokinesis

Answer

High air pressure and low temperatures can clog the "eustachian tube"

Question 24

Which statement about empty-field myopia is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can make visual scanning less effective when there are few visual cues.

Answer

It improves lookout in haze.

Answer

It is a radio navigation error.

Answer

It affects only instrument-rated pilots.

Question 25

At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? Use figure (HPL-002) P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress

Accepted Answer

Point D

Answer

Point A

Answer

Point B

Answer

Point C

Question 26

Why is hydration important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It supports concentration and reduces fatigue risk.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 27

Which statement about confirmation bias is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the tendency to favour information that supports an existing expectation.

Answer

It is a method for calculating fuel.

Answer

It is a type of hypoxia.

Answer

It improves decision-making under stress.

Question 28

Which statement about alcohol is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can impair performance even after blood alcohol has fallen.

Answer

It improves vestibular accuracy.

Answer

It is acceptable if consumed with food before flight.

Answer

It has no effect below 5,000 ft.

Question 29

Which statement about airsickness is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can be aggravated by anxiety, turbulence and poor ventilation.

Answer

It proves the pilot is hypoxic.

Answer

It improves with heavy meals before flight.

Answer

It is prevented by closing all vents.

Question 30

Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer

1, 2, 3

Answer

2, 4

Answer

1

Question 31

Why is IMSAFE self-assessment important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It helps identify illness, medication, stress, alcohol, fatigue and emotion risks.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 32

A Grey-out is the result of...

Accepted Answer

Positive g-forces

Answer

Tiredness

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Hyperventilation

Question 33

What is the parallax error?

Accepted Answer

Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision

Answer

Misperception of speed during taxiing

Answer

A decoding error in communication between pilots

Answer

Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night

Question 34

In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment?

Accepted Answer

The Eustachian tube is blocked

Answer

All windows are completely closed

Answer

Breathing takes place using the mouth only

Answer

During a light and slow climb

Question 35

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot becomes overloaded during an abnormal indication.

Accepted Answer

Aviate, navigate and communicate should be prioritised.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 36

Which dangerous situation could arise when the helicopter engine is started in strong tailwind conditions?

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer

Decompression sickness

Answer

Binocular vision

Answer

Rotary vertigo

Question 37

The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called...

Accepted Answer

Situational awareness

Answer

Situational thinking

Answer

Anticipatory check procedure

Answer

Constant flight check

Question 38

Which statement about situational awareness is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is understanding what is happening and anticipating what may happen next.

Answer

It is the same as indicated airspeed.

Answer

It is provided only by ATC.

Answer

It is not needed in local flights.

Question 39

The "swiss cheese model" can be used to explain the...

Accepted Answer

Error chain

Answer

State of readiness of a pilot

Answer

Procedure for an emergency landing

Answer

Optimal problem solution

Question 40

Why is nutrition important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain energy and decision quality.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 41

What is a latent error?

Accepted Answer

An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time

Answer

An error which only has consequences after landing

Answer

An error which has an immediate effect on the controls

Answer

An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously

Question 42

Why is communication under stress important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

Clear, standard phraseology reduces misunderstanding.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 43

Which answer is correct concerning stress?

Accepted Answer

Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem

Answer

Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner

Answer

Training and experience have no influence on the occurrence of stress

Answer

Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety

Question 44

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot notices strong pressure to satisfy passengers.

Accepted Answer

External pressure should be recognised as a human-factor threat.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 45

Which statement about night vision is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depends strongly on dark adaptation and is degraded by bright light.

Answer

It is best in the centre of vision.

Answer

It is unaffected by oxygen level.

Answer

It improves immediately after looking at white light.

Question 46

Which statement about threat and error management is correct?

Accepted Answer

It aims to anticipate threats, trap errors and manage undesired aircraft states.

Answer

It is used only by air traffic control.

Answer

It is a maintenance inspection system.

Answer

It applies only to commercial multi-crew operations.

Question 47

Which dangerous attitudes are often combined?

Accepted Answer

Macho and invulnerability

Answer

Impulsivity and carefulness

Answer

Self-abandonment and macho

Answer

Invulnerability and self-abandonment

Question 48

Which statement about lookout technique is correct?

Accepted Answer

It should use systematic scanning and attention to likely conflict areas.

Answer

It is best performed by staring at one point.

Answer

It is unnecessary in controlled airspace.

Answer

It can be replaced by radio monitoring only.

Question 49

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot loses outside visual references in haze.

Accepted Answer

Instrument cross-check and avoiding visual illusions become critical.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 50

Which factor can lead to human error?

Accepted Answer

The bias to see what we expect to see

Answer

Double check of relevant actions

Answer

Proper use of checklists

Answer

To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous

Question 51

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails

Answer

Muscle cramps in the upper body area

Answer

Blue marks all over the body

Answer

Joint pain in knees and feet

Question 52

Which statement about stress is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can narrow attention and reduce decision quality if unmanaged.

Answer

It always improves perception.

Answer

It has no physiological effects.

Answer

It prevents fatigue.

Question 53

An acceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of...

Accepted Answer

A climb.

Answer

A bank.

Answer

A descent.

Answer

An inverted flight.

Question 54

Which statement about fatigue is correct?

Accepted Answer

It reduces attention, judgement and reaction time.

Answer

It affects only physical strength.

Answer

It is eliminated by opening a window.

Answer

It has no effect on private pilots.

Question 55

Which action best supports safe management of personal minimums?

Accepted Answer

Apply them before the flight and update the plan if conditions deteriorate.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 56

Which behaviour can increase the carbon monoxide level in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Smoking.

Answer

Alcohol consumption.

Answer

Unhealthy food.

Answer

Little sleep.

Question 57

Which of the following options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)?

Accepted Answer

Non-accelerated straight and level flight

Answer

Turbulence in level flight

Answer

Head movements during turns

Answer

Flying under the influence of alcohol

Question 58

Carbon monoxide contamination in the cabin of a piston-engine helicopter can be caused by...

Accepted Answer

Cracks or leaks in the cabin heating system

Answer

Generator failure

Answer

Fuel or hydraulic fluid in the tanks

Answer

Pitot icing

Question 59

What is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Blood coagulation

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Question 60

Which human-factor point is most relevant? A pilot is unsure whether a new antihistamine is safe for flying.

Accepted Answer

The pilot should obtain aeromedical advice before flying.

Answer

The event has no operational relevance.

Answer

The correct response is to increase workload.

Answer

The pilot should ignore symptoms until after landing.

Question 61

For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information?

Accepted Answer

10 to 20 seconds

Answer

30 to 40 seconds

Answer

3 to 7 seconds

Answer

35 to 50 seconds

Question 62

Which statement about the vestibular system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can create misleading sensations during acceleration or turns.

Answer

It always gives reliable attitude information in IMC.

Answer

It replaces the attitude indicator.

Answer

It is unaffected by head movement.

Question 63

The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately...

Accepted Answer

0.01 percent

Answer

0.3 percent

Answer

0.1 percent

Answer

0.03 percent

Question 64

Which of the following is responsible for the blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood plates (thrombocytes)

Answer

White blood cells (leucocytes)

Answer

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Answer

Capillaries of the arteries

Exam simulation Human Performance and limitations - PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Exam simulation PPL(H) Exam Question Bank Human Performance and limitations 120 questions on 120 minutes