Test 120 exam questions on Meteorology for PPL(H)

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1 - What is the mass of a "cube of air" with the edges 1 m long, at MSL according ISA? 12,25 kg 1,225 kg 0,1225 kg 0,01225 kg

2 - What process results in the formation of "orographic fog" ("hill fog")? Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

3 - Which processes result in decreasing air density? Increasing temperature, increasing pressure Decreasing temperature, decreasing pressure Increasing temperature, decreasing pressure Decreasing temperature, increasing pressure

4 - The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates... True altitude above MSL. Height above the pressure level at airfield elevation. Height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. Height above MSL.

5 - The pressure which is measured at a ground station and reduced to mean sea level (MSL) by means of the actual atmospheric conditions is called... QFE. QFF. QNE QNH.

6 - What danger is most immenent when an aircraft is hit by lightning? Rapid cabin depressurization and smoke in the cabin Surface overheat and damage to exposed aircraft parts Disturbed radio communication, static noise signals Explosion of electrical equipment in the cockpit

7 - Light turbulence always has to be expected... Below cumulus clouds due to thermal convection. Above cumulus clouds due to thermal convection. When entering inversions. Below stratiform clouds in medium layers.

8 - Winds blowing uphill are defined as... Subsident winds. Katabatic winds. Convergent winds. Anabatic winds.

9 - Moderate to severe turbulence has to be expected... Below thick cloud layers on the windward side of a mountain range. Overhead unbroken cloud layers. With the appearance of extended low stratus clouds (high fog) On the lee side of a mountain range when rotor clouds are present.

10 - The barometric altimeter with QFE setting indicates... Height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. Height above the pressure level at airfield elevation. True altitude above MSL. Height above MSL.

11 - What is referred to as mountain wind? Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime. Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime. Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night.

12 - Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? Clear ice Mixed ice Rime ice Hoar frost

13 - Regarding the type of cloud, precipitation is classified as... Showers of snow and rain. Rain and showers of rain. Light and heavy precipitation. Prolonged rain and continuous rain

14 - What clouds and weather may result from an humid and instable air mass, that is pushed against a chain of mountains by the predominant wind and forced to rise? Thin Altostratus and Cirrostratus clouds with light and steady precipitation. Overcast low stratus (high fog) with no precipitation. Embedded CB with thunderstorms and showers of hail and/or rain. Smooth, unstructured NS cloud with light drizzle or snow (during winter)

15 - What temperatures are most dangerous with respect to airframe icing? 0° to -12° C .+20° to -5° C .+5° to -10° C .-20° to -40° C

16 - What information can be found in the ATIS, but not in a METAR? Operational information such as runway in use and transition level Information about current weather, for example types of precipitation Approach information, such as ground visibility and cloud base Information about mean wind speeds, maximum speeds in gusts if applicable

17 - Which of the stated surfaces will reduce the wind speed most due to ground friction? Flat land, deserted land, no vegetation Oceanic areas Mountainous areas, vegetation cover Flat land, lots of vegetation cover

18 - What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during winter? Changing weather with passing of frontal lines Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu Squall lines and thunderstorms

19 - Weather phenomena are most common to be found in which atmospheric layer? Troposphere Tropopause Stratosphere Thermosphere

20 - What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? 250 hPa 300 hPa 500 hPa 1013.25 hPa

21 - What chart shows areas of precipitation? Radar picture Satellite picture GAFOR Wind chart

22 - The saturated adiabatic lapse rate should be assumed with a mean value of: 0,6° C / 100 m. 2° C / 1000 ft. 1,0° C / 100 m. 0° C / 100 m.

23 - What pressure pattern can be observed during the passage of a polar front low? Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front Rising pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, rising pressure behind the cold front Rising pressure in front of the warm front, rising pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front Falling pressure in front of the warm front, constant pressure within the warm sector, falling pressure behind the cold front

24 - SIGMET warnings are issued for... Specific routings. Countries. Airports. FIRs / UIRs.

25 - With regard to thunderstorms, strong up- and downdrafts appear during the... Initial stage. Mature stage. Dissipating stage. Thunderstorm stage.

26 - What factor may affect the top of cumulus clouds? The presence of an inversion layer Relative humidity The absolute humidity The spread

27 - "Foehn" conditions usually develop with... Instability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge. Stability, widespread air blown against a mountain ridge. Instability, high pressure area with calm wind. Stability, high pressure area with calm wind.

28 - The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of... 0,6° C / 100 m. 1,0° C / 100 m. 2° / 1000 ft. 0,65° C / 100 m.

29 - How do dew point and relative humidity change with decreasing temperature? Dew point decreases, relative humidity increases Dew point remains constant, relative humidity increases Dew point increases, relative humidity decreases Dew point remains constant, relative humidity decreases

30 - Which process may result in an inversion layer at about 5000 ft (1500 m) height? Widespread descending air within a high pressure area Intensive sunlight insolation during a warm summer day Ground cooling by radiation during the night Advection of cool air in the upper troposphere

31 - What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe? Polar front Occlusion Warm front Cold front

32 - When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air movements will follow? Convergence resulting in air being lifted Divergence resulting in air being lifted Convergence resulting in sinking air Divergence resulting in sinking air

33 - The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is... 1123 hPa. 113.25 hPa. 1013.25 hPa. 15 hPa.

34 - What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time? Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

35 - What weather conditions in Central Europe are typically found in high pressure areas during summer? Large isobar spacing with strong prevailing westerly winds Small isobar spacing with strong prevailing northerly winds Large isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems Small isobar spacing with calm winds, formation of local wind systems

36 - What wind conditions can be expected in areas showing large distances between isobars? Strong prevailing easterly winds with rapid backing Formation of local wind systems with strong prevailing westerly winds Variable winds, formation of local wind systems Strong prevailing westerly winds with rapid veering

37 - Winds blowing downhill are defined as... Subsident winds. Anabatic winds. Convergent winds. Katabatic winds.

38 - Heavy downdrafts and strong wind shear close to the ground can be expected... During approach to an airfield at the coast with a strong sea breeze. During warm summer days with high, flatted Cu clouds. Near the rainfall areas of heavy showers or thunderstorms During cold, clear nights with the formation of radiation fog.

39 - Which weather chart shows the actual air pressure as in MSL along with pressure centers and fronts? Hypsometric chart Prognostic chart Wind chart Surface weather chart

40 - Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart? Surface weather chart. Wind chart. Significant Weather Chart (SWC). Hypsometric chart.

41 - What process results in the formation of "advection fog"? Cold, moist air is being moved across warm ground areas Warm, moist air is moved across cold ground areas Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

42 - What type of fog emerges if humid and almost saturated air, is forced to rise upslope of hills or shallow mountains by the prevailling wind? Steaming fog Orographic fog Radiation fog Advection fog

43 - The saturated adiabatic lapse rate is... Proportional to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. Higher than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. Lower than the dry adiabatic lapse rate. Equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

44 - Which type of cloud is associated with prolonged rain? Cumulonimbus Nimbostratus Cirrostratus Altocumulus

45 - The movement of air flowing together is called... Subsidence. Divergence. Soncordence. Convergence.

46 - What phenomenon is caused by cold air downdrafts with precipitation from a fully developed thunderstorm cloud? Anvil-head top of Cb cloud Freezing Rain Electrical discharge Gust front

47 - What information can be obtained from satallite images? Turbulence and icing Flight visibility, ground visibility, and ground contact Overview of cloud covers and front lines Temperature and dew point of environmental air

48 - What kind of reduction in visibility is not very sensitive to changes in temperature? Patches of fog (BCFG) Mist (BR) Radiation fog (FG) Haze (HZ)

49 - Which force causes "wind"? Pressure gradient force Thermal force Coriolis force Centrifugal force

50 - What situation is called "over-development" in a weather report? Development of a thermal low to a storm depression Vertical development of Cumulus clouds to rain showers Widespreading of Cumulus clouds below an inversion layer Change from blue thermals to cloudy thermals during the afternoon

51 - The height of the tropopause of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is at... 48000 ft. 5500 ft. 36000 ft. 11000 ft.

52 - Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in... Stabilisation and calm weather. Frontal weather. Calm weather and cloud dissipation. Showers and thunderstorms.

53 - Temperatures will be given by meteorological aviation services in Europe in which unit? Degrees Fahrenheit Gpdam Degrees Centigrade (° C) Kelvin

54 - What danger arises for a helicopter during flight through a ground inversion in winter? Cloud formation above the inversion Baffling wind conditions Electrostatic charges Ice formation below the inversion

55 - Given the following information, what is the true altitude? (rounded to the nearest 50 ft) QNH: 983 hPa Altitude: FL 85 Outside Air Temperature: ISA - 10° 7600 ft 7300 ft 7900 ft 9400 ft

56 - What is the gas composition of "air"? Oxygen 21 % Water vapour 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % Oxygen 21 % Nitrogen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % Oxygen 78 % Water vapour 21 % Nitrogen 1 % Nitrogen 21 % Oxygen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

57 - What is the mean height of the tropopause according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere)? 11000 ft 36000 m 18000 ft 11000 m

58 - How does inflowing cold air affect the shape and vertical distance between pressure layers? Increase in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure) Decreasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure) Decrease in vertical distance, lowering in height (low pressure) Increasing vertical distance, raise in height (high pressure)

59 - What factors may indicate a tendency to fog formation? Low spread, increasing temperature Low pressure, increasing temperature Strong winds, decreasing temperature Low spread, decreasing temperature

60 - What wind is reportet as 225/15 ? South-west wind with 15 km/h North-east wind with 15 kt South-west wind with 15 kt North-east wind with 15 km/h

61 - Measured pressure distribution in MSL and corresponding frontal systems are displayed by the... Hypsometric chart Prognostic chart. Significant Weather Chart (SWC). Surface weather chart.

62 - The term "tropopause" is defined as... The boundary area between the mesosphere and the stratosphere. The boundary area between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The height above which the temperature starts to decrease. The layer above the troposphere showing an increasing temperature.

63 - What change of wind direction can be expected during the passage of a polar front low in Central Europe? Backing wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front Veering wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front Backing wind during passage of the warm front, backing wind during passage of the cold front Veering wind during passage of the warm front, veering wind during passage of the cold front

64 - Clouds in high layers are referred to as... Nimbo-. Strato-. Alto-. Cirro-.

65 - Which stage of a thunderstorm is dominated by updrafts? Cumulus stage Mature stage Upwind stage Dissipating stage

66 - With other factors remaining constant, decreasing temperature results in... Increasing spread and decreasing relative humidity. Decreasing spread and increasing relative humidity. Increasing spread and increasing relative humidity. Decreasing spread and decreasing relative humidity.

67 - What pressure pattern may result from cold-air inflow in high tropospheric layers? Alternating pressure Formation of a large ground low Formation of a high in the upper troposphere Formation of a low in the upper troposphere

68 - Under which conditions "back side weather" ("Rückseitenwetter") can be expected? After passing of a warm front During Foehn at the lee side Before passing of an occlusion After passing of a cold front

69 - Mountain side updrafts can be intensified by ... By warming of upper atmospheric layers Thermal radiation of the windward side during the night Solar irradiation on the lee side Solar irradiation on the windward side

70 - What weather conditions can be expected in high pressure areas during summer? Squall lines and thunderstorms Changing weather with passing of frontal lines Calm weather and cloud dissipation, few high Cu Calm winds and widespread areas with high fog

71 - An inversion is a layer ... With increasing pressure with increasing height. With decreasing temperature with increasing height With increasing temperature with increasing height. With constant temperature with increasing height.

72 - The movement of air flowing apart is called... Subsidence. Concordence. Convergence. Divergence.

73 - What weather conditions can be expected during "Foehn" on the windward side of a mountain range? Layered clouds, mountains obscured, poor visibility, moderate or heavy rain Scattered cumulus clouds with showers and thunderstorms Calm wind and forming of high stratus clouds (high fog) Dissipating clouds with unusual warming, accompanied by strong, gusty winds

74 - In a METAR, "(moderate) showers of rain" are designated by the identifier... TS .+RA. SHRA. .+TSRA.

75 - What situation may result in the occurrence of severe wind shear? Flying ahead of a warm front with visible Ci clouds Cross-country flying below Cu clouds with about 4 octas coverage During final approach, 30 min after a heavy shower has passed the airfield When a shower is visible close to the airfield

76 - What weather phenomena have to be expected around an upper-level trough? Calm wind, forming of shallow cumulus clouds Development of showers and thunderstorms (Cb) Formation of high stratus clouds, ground-covering cloud bases Calm weather, formation of lifted fog layers

77 - Which conditions are likely for the formation of advection fog? Warm, humid air moves over a cold surface Cold, humid air moves over a warm ocean Warm, humid air cools during a cloudy night Humidity evaporates from warm, humid ground into cold air

78 - What is the usual direction of movement of a polar front low? To the northeast during winter, to the southeast during summer Parallel to the the warm-sector isobars To the northwest during winter, to the southwest during summer Parallel to the warm front line to the south

79 - What has to be considered when taking off in a ground inversion? Due to low temperatures close to the ground, icing has to be expected Climb should be performed with the lowest possible speed and maximum power During the climb, a sudden increase in speed and climb performance has to be expected During climb, a sudden decrease in speed and climb performance has to be expected

80 - Which of the following conditions are most favourable for ice accretion? Temperatures between 0° C and -12° C, presence of supercooled water droplets (clouds) Temperaturs below 0° C, strong wind, sky clear of clouds Temperatures between -20° C and -40° C, presence of ice crystals (Ci clouds) Temperatures between +10° C and -30° C, presence of hail (clouds)

81 - Above the friction layer, with a prevailing pressure gradient, the wind direction is... Perpendicular to the isobars. Perpendicular to the isohypses. At an angle of 30° to the isobars towards low pressure. Parallel to the isobars.

82 - How does air temperatur change in ISA from MSL to approx. 10.000 m height? From +30° to -40°C From +20° to -40°C From +15° to -50°C From -15° to 50°C

83 - Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? Liquid Liquid and solid Gaseous and liquid Liquid, solid, and gaseous

84 - The character of an air mass is given by what properties? Region of origin and track during movement Environmental lapse rate at origin Temperatures at origin and present region Wind speed and tropopause height

85 - Clouds are basically distinguished by what types? Layered and lifted clouds Cumulus and stratiform clouds Thunderstorm and shower clouds Stratiform and ice clouds

86 - What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-004). Siehe Anlage 3

Stratus Altocumulus Cirrus Cumulus

87 - An inversion layer close to the ground can be caused by... Ground cooling during the night. Thickening of clouds in medium layers. Intensifying and gusting winds. Large-scale lifting of air.

88 - The symbol labeled (2) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4

Warm front. Occlusion. Front aloft. Cold front.

89 - What weather phenomenon designated by "2" has to be expected on the lee side during "Foehn" conditions? See figure (MET-001). Siehe Anlage 1

Cumulonimbus Altocumulus lenticularis Altocumulus Castellanus Nimbostratus

90 - What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? Polar cold air and tropical warm air Arctic and polar cold air Tropical and arctic cold air Equatorial and tropical warm air

91 - The formation of medium to large precipitation particles requires... Strong wind A high cloud base. Strong updrafts. An inversion layer.

92 - How is an air mass described when moving to Central Europe via the Russian continent during winter? Maritime polar air Continental polar air Continental tropical air Maritime tropical air

93 - What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front? Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow Scattered cloud layers, visbility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation

94 - What cloud type can typically be observed across widespread high pressure areas during summer? Overcast low stratus Squall lines and thunderstorms Scattered Cu clouds Overcast Ns clouds

95 - With regard to global circulation within the atmosphere, where does polar cold air meets subtropical warm air? At the polar front At the geographic poles At the subtropical high pressure belt At the equator

96 - What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions? Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels

97 - The symbol labeled (3) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4

Cold front. Occlusion. Front aloft. Warm front.

98 - What condition may prevent the formation of "radiation fog"? Overcast cloud cover Low spread Calm wind Clear night, no clouds

99 - How can wind speed and wind direction be derived from surface weather charts? By annotations from the text part of the chart By alignment of lines of warm- and cold fronts By alignment and distance of hypsometric lines By alignment and distance of isobaric lines

100 - What danger is most imminent during an approach to an airfield situated in a valley, with strong wind aloft blowing perpendicular to the mountain ridge? Heavy downdrafts within rainfall areas below thunderstorm clouds Reduced visibilty, maybe loss of sight to the airfield during final approach Formation of medium to heavy clear ice on all aircraft surfaces Wind shear during descent, wind direction may change by 180°

101 - What is meant by "inversion layer"? An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

102 - What is meant by "isothermal layer"? An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height

103 - How do spread and relative humidity change with increasing temperature? Spread increases, relative humidity decreases Spread remains constant, relative humidity increases Spread increases, relative humidity increases Spread remains constant, relative humidity decreases

104 - The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according ISA is... 3° C / 100 m. 0,65° C / 100 m. 0,6° C / 100 m. 1° C / 100 m.

105 - What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? Ascending air and cloud dissipation Descending air and cloud dissipation Ascending air and cloud formation Descending air and cloud formation

106 - What clouds and weather can typically be observed during the passage of a cold front? In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter Strongly developed cumulus clouds (Cb) with showers of rain and thunderstorms, gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain

107 - What conditions are mandatory for the formation of thermal thunderstorms? Conditionally unstable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and low humidity Absolutely stable atmosphere, high temperature and high humidity Conditionally unstable atmosphere, low temperature and low humidity

108 - What information is NOT found on Low-Level Significant Weather Charts (LLSWC)? Information about icing conditions Information about turbulence areas Front lines and frontal displacements Radar echos of precipitation

109 - Which type of ice forms by large, supercooled droplets hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? Rime ice Hoar frost Mixed ice Clear ice

110 - Extensive high pressure areas can be found throughout the year ... Over oceanic areas at latitues around 30°N/S. In areeas showing extensive lifting processes. In tropical areas, close to the equator. In mid latitudes along the polar front

111 - The barometric altimeter indicates height above... Mean sea level. Standard pressure 1013.25 hPa. Ground. A selected reference pressure level.

112 - The altimeter can be checked on the ground by setting... QNE and checking that the indication shows zero on the ground. QFF and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation. QNH and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation. QFE and comparing the indication with the airfield elevation.

113 - What pressure pattern can be observed when a cold front is passing? Continually increasing pressure Continually decreasing pressure Constant pressure pattern Shortly decreasing, thereafter increasing pressure

114 - The "spread" is defined as... Relation of actual to maximum possible humidity of air. Difference between dew point and condensation point Maximum amount of water vapour that can be contained in air. Difference between actual temperature and dew point.

115 - Which of the stated wind phenomena will increase in speed since its path is narrowed by mountains? Scirocco Bora Mistral Passat

116 - What is the name of the the cold, katabatic wind phenomena blowing from northeast into the Adriatic Sea? Scirocco Mistral Passat Bora

117 - The symbol labeled (1) as shown in the picture is a / an... See figure (MET-005) Siehe Anlage 4

Warm front. Cold front. Occlusion. Front aloft.

118 - Weather and operational information about the destination aerodrome can be obtained during the flight by... VOLMET SIGMET. ATIS. PIREP.

119 - What factors are required for the formation of precipitation in clouds? Calm winds and intensive sunlight insolation The presence of an inversion layer High humidity and high temperatures Moderate to strong updrafts

120 - Air descending behind a mountain range is defined as... Anabatic wind. Divergent wind. Katabatic wind. Convergent wind.

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