Exam quiz Principles of Flight (Helicopter) - PPL(H) - Private Pilot License

Question 1

Which statement about blade flapping is correct?

Accepted Answer

It helps compensate for dissymmetry of lift.

Answer

It prevents all rotor RPM changes.

Answer

It is used only for braking after shutdown.

Answer

It is unrelated to forward flight.

Question 2

Why is effective translational lift important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It improves rotor efficiency as airflow becomes more horizontal and less recirculated.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 3

Which landing site (no wind) prevents the impairment of the ground effect?

Accepted Answer

Plain terrain

Answer

Narrow forest glade

Answer

Elevated helipad

Answer

Sloping ground

Question 4

Which statement about dynamic rollover is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can develop when the helicopter pivots around a skid or wheel with rolling moment.

Answer

It occurs only at high altitude cruise.

Answer

It is impossible on sloping ground.

Answer

It is prevented by increasing collective rapidly.

Question 5

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? The helicopter descends vertically with power and low airspeed.

Accepted Answer

vortex ring state risk may increase.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 6

Which action best supports safe management of effective translational lift?

Accepted Answer

Expect performance and attitude changes during acceleration.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 7

Which movement is caused by the Coriolis effect on the advancing rotor blade?

Accepted Answer

Drag movement forwards

Answer

Mass movement outwards

Answer

Tilt movement backwards

Answer

Flapping downwards

Question 8

What can be expected during a hover flight in ground effect within a forest glade?

Accepted Answer

Recirculation of air masses and an impairment of the ground effect

Answer

Useful ground effect caused by a smaller induced airflow

Answer

No air turbulence through the slipstream and stable attitude

Answer

Aspiration of the tail rotor in the direction of the forest and a performance gain

Question 9

Which statement about tail rotor thrust is correct?

Accepted Answer

It balances main rotor torque and provides yaw control.

Answer

It provides all vertical lift.

Answer

It measures density altitude.

Answer

It replaces cyclic control.

Question 10

Which statement about collective pitch is correct?

Accepted Answer

It changes the pitch of all main rotor blades together.

Answer

It changes only compass heading.

Answer

It tilts the rotor disc without changing blade pitch.

Answer

It controls radio volume.

Question 11

Which statement about best rate of climb speed is correct?

Accepted Answer

It gives the greatest altitude gain per unit time under the specified conditions.

Answer

It is always zero airspeed.

Answer

It is the speed for minimum fuel flow in every case.

Answer

It is a radio frequency.

Question 12

Which statement about VNE is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the never-exceed speed and must not be exceeded.

Answer

It is a recommended minimum hover speed.

Answer

It is the same as best endurance speed.

Answer

It applies only to ATC clearances.

Question 13

Why is hover ceiling important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It depends on mass, density altitude, wind and power available.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 14

What relieves the helicopter in a low G manoeuvre?

Accepted Answer

Increased vertical airflow through the rotor

Answer

Weightlessness of the passengers during the push over

Answer

Rolling movement of the helicopter to the right

Answer

Centrifugal force in parabolic flight during the entire manoeuvre

Question 15

Which statement about coning is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the upward bending of rotor blades due to lift and centrifugal force balance.

Answer

It is a radio navigation procedure.

Answer

It is caused by altimeter error.

Answer

It is the same as tail rotor drift.

Question 16

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? Forward speed approaches the never-exceed speed.

Accepted Answer

retreating blade stall and structural limits become important.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 17

What action has no effect on the rotor RPM in an autorotation?

Accepted Answer

Utilisation of friction brake.

Answer

Centre of gravity displacement.

Answer

Pitch angle change.

Answer

Transition into a turning flight.

Question 18

Why is tail rotor drift important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

Sideways force may require cyclic correction in hover.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 19

During an autorotation the airspeed is limited by...

Accepted Answer

The drift of the driving forces on the returning blade

Answer

The displacement of the stall regions in the inner area of the rotor blade

Answer

The interference drag during low rates of descent

Answer

The landing gear during the touchdown

Question 20

Why is anti-torque demand important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It generally increases as power and torque increase.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 21

The maximum range in an autorotation will be achieved by...

Accepted Answer

A relatively high effective angle of attack.

Answer

A relatively low effective angle of attack.

Answer

A neutral effective angle of attack.

Answer

A negative effective angle of attack.

Question 22

Which statement about torque reaction is correct?

Accepted Answer

The fuselage tends to rotate opposite to main rotor torque unless balanced.

Answer

It is a GPS position error.

Answer

It affects only gliders.

Answer

It is eliminated by changing QNH.

Question 23

Which statement about settling with power is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is associated with vortex ring state conditions.

Answer

It means the engine has failed completely.

Answer

It is caused by excessive QNH.

Answer

It improves climb performance.

Question 24

Why are the stability criteria of a helicopter very important?

Accepted Answer

A lack of stability may lead to loss of control

Answer

Low stability reduces the available control forces

Answer

High stability prevents low load factors

Answer

Large stability increases the maximum take-off mass

Question 25

Which statement about translational lift is correct?

Accepted Answer

It improves rotor efficiency as the helicopter moves into cleaner horizontal airflow.

Answer

It occurs only when stationary in a hover.

Answer

It reduces all lift instantly.

Answer

It is a radio navigation term.

Question 26

Which ratio corresponds to the rotor disc loading?

Accepted Answer

Helicopter mass / rotor disc

Answer

Rotor disc / helicopter mass

Answer

Rotor thrust / rotor disc

Answer

Rotor disc / rotor thrust

Question 27

Which action best supports safe management of disc loading?

Accepted Answer

Consider mass and rotor disc area when assessing performance.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 28

Which energies serve to maintain the rotor rpm in an autorotation?

Accepted Answer

Potential or kinetic energy

Answer

Mechanical or chemical energy

Answer

Rotational and linear energy

Answer

Frictional and flow energy

Question 29

The rotor blade shape takes effect on the...

Accepted Answer

Lift distribution

Answer

Rotor head used

Answer

Notch sensitivity

Answer

Structural take-off mass

Question 30

Why does a flare during an autorotation generate higher rotor RPM?

Accepted Answer

The vertical airflow through the rotor disc increases

Answer

The pitch angle increases

Answer

The tangential force tilts backwards

Answer

The ground effect leads to better performance

Question 31

Which statement about profile drag is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is associated with the rotor blade moving through the air.

Answer

It is caused only by radio antennas.

Answer

It disappears when blade pitch increases.

Answer

It is unrelated to rotor speed.

Question 32

What is the effect of vortex ring state?

Accepted Answer

High rate of descent and irregular pitch, roll, and yaw motions

Answer

Stable descent and high-frequency vibrations in the helicopter

Answer

Decreased rate of descent and strong vibrations from the engine

Answer

Fluctuations in rotor and engine RPM

Question 33

Why is blade pitch increase important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It increases angle of attack and power required.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 34

The ground effect is noticeable by...

Accepted Answer

Lower power requirements

Answer

Strong vertical oscillations

Answer

Strong horizontal vibrations

Answer

Larger power requirements

Question 35

Which action best supports safe management of transverse flow effect?

Accepted Answer

Anticipate it during transition from hover.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 36

Which action best supports safe management of hover ceiling?

Accepted Answer

Check performance data before operating near limits.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 37

Why is a helicopter's climb initially accelerated after an increase of the pitch angle?

Accepted Answer

The inertia of the air increases the effective angle of attack temporarily until an additional component of the climb rate reduces the effective angle of attack again

Answer

The larger pitch angle causes a decrease and a compression of the airflow until the climb rate corresponds to the induced velocity through the main rotor disc

Answer

The initially high airflow increases the rotor thrust until the lower air density reduces the rotor thrust again

Answer

The conversion of energetic air into kinetic rotor energy decreases continuously with increasing density altitude

Question 38

What needs to be observed in conjunction with a temporary loss of tail rotor efficiency in a stationary hover?

Accepted Answer

Vortex ring state of the tail rotor

Answer

Rotating movement in the main rotor direction

Answer

Loss of the main rotor thrust

Answer

Mechanical blockage of the control

Question 39

Which statement about the required force to change the pitch angle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It must be greater than the tangential force

Answer

It is the smallest by using an advance angle of 90°

Answer

It is the smallest by using a delta-three-hinge

Answer

It must be greater than the rotor disc loading

Question 40

Why is stall region in autorotation important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It produces drag and does not drive the rotor efficiently.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 41

What is the risk arising in a vertical autorotation with a subsequent increase in airspeed prior to the landing?

Accepted Answer

Misjudgement when increasing the airspeed

Answer

High rotor RPM

Answer

Vortex ring state

Answer

Loss of the tail rotor efficiency

Question 42

The rotor thrust is...

Accepted Answer

Perpendicular to the tip path plane

Answer

Opposite to the rotation of the rotor blade element

Answer

Parallel with the main rotor shaft

Answer

Perpendicular to the hub plane

Question 43

Why is transverse flow effect important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It can produce vibration and attitude changes during acceleration.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 44

What is the correct way to counteract the vortex ring state?

Accepted Answer

Try to gain airspeed and enter autorotation

Answer

Raise collective and decrease rotor RPM

Answer

Raise collective and pull back the stick

Answer

Open throttle and pull back the stick

Question 45

Why is disc loading important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It affects induced velocity and hover power required.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 46

Why is tip-path plane important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It represents the plane traced by the rotor blade tips.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 47

The helicopter's stability is increased by...

Accepted Answer

Attaching a stabilizer

Answer

Reducing the rotor RPM

Answer

Pivoting the drag hinge

Answer

Decreasing the rotor mass

Question 48

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? A strong left crosswind affects a helicopter susceptible to LTE.

Accepted Answer

yaw control margin may be reduced.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 49

What force affects the braking torque of the rotor in cruise?

Accepted Answer

Inclined rearward tangential force

Answer

Inclined forward lift

Answer

Upward directional rotor thrust

Answer

Inclined forward drag force

Question 50

The rotor RPM is kept constant in the helicopter by the engine RPM. It can be influenced by the...

Accepted Answer

Throttle and the governor

Answer

Cyclic stick

Answer

Starter and the impulse coupling

Answer

Collective

Question 51

During an autorotation with forward speed of a helicopter the driving forces are located in the...

Accepted Answer

Region of the retreating rotor blade.

Answer

Inner region.

Answer

Outer region.

Answer

Region of the advancing rotor blade.

Question 52

A delta-three hinge is used to allow...

Accepted Answer

For a decreased pitch angle at an upwards flapping blade

Answer

The advancing blade to flap up about the hinge

Answer

The advancing blade to lead about the hinge

Answer

The advancing blade to drag about the hinge

Question 53

Which action best supports safe management of autorotative region?

Accepted Answer

Manage airspeed and collective to keep rotor RPM within limits.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 54

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? Rotor RPM starts to decay in autorotation.

Accepted Answer

collective should be managed to recover RPM.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 55

Which action best supports safe management of blade pitch increase?

Accepted Answer

Monitor rotor RPM and engine limits.

Answer

Delay the decision until after take-off.

Answer

Use the item only if requested by passengers.

Answer

Ignore it when the helicopter has sufficient fuel.

Question 56

Vy is the speed...

Accepted Answer

For the best rate of climb

Answer

To rotate

Answer

For the best angle of climb

Answer

Never to be exceeded

Question 57

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? The helicopter hovers out of ground effect on a hot day.

Accepted Answer

power margin may be reduced.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 58

A helicopter with a rotor turning in an anti-clockwise direction seen from above, hovers sideways to the right. What is the azimuth angle where the main rotor blades have the biggest pitch angle?

Accepted Answer

180°

Answer

270°

Answer

90°

Answer

0°

Question 59

During hover flight, the induced airflow velocity...

Accepted Answer

Increases further having passed the rotor

Answer

Is equal above and below the rotor

Answer

Remains constant after having passed the rotor

Answer

Decreases after having passed the rotor

Question 60

What aerodynamic effect is most relevant? The helicopter enters a steep flare in autorotation.

Accepted Answer

rotor RPM may increase and must be controlled.

Answer

The altimeter setting becomes invalid.

Answer

The magnetic compass becomes the primary lift source.

Answer

The aircraft mass automatically decreases.

Question 61

What happens to thrust and tangential force if the rotor RPM decreases by about 10 % in cruise flight?

Accepted Answer

The thrust and the tangential force decrease

Answer

The thrust and the tangential force increase

Answer

The thrust decreases and the tangential force remains constant

Answer

The thrust remains constant and the tangential force increases

Question 62

What is the advantage of a turbulent airflow compared to a laminar airflow at an aerofoil with a high angle of attack?

Accepted Answer

It adheres to the aerofoil for a longer time

Answer

It has a thinner boundary layer

Answer

It has no form drag

Answer

The separation point moves further forward

Question 63

Why is autorotative region important for a PPL(H) flight?

Accepted Answer

It helps drive the rotor during autorotation.

Answer

It is relevant only to airline transport operations.

Answer

It can be ignored when the flight remains local.

Answer

It is replaced by passenger preference.

Question 64

Which statement about rotor RPM decay is correct?

Accepted Answer

It can reduce lift and control margin and must be corrected promptly.

Answer

It increases lift indefinitely.

Answer

It is corrected by raising collective in every case.

Answer

It is unrelated to safety.

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