Test 120 exam questions on Human Performance and Limitations for ATPL

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1 - 1. Psychosomatic means that a physiological problem is followed by psychological stress.2. Psychosomatic complaints hardly occur in professional aviation because of the strict selection for this particular profession . 1 and 2 are both not correct 1 is not correct 2 is correct 1 is correct 2 is not correct 1 and 2 are both correct

2 - Check the following statements:1. The first information received determines how subsequent information will be evaluated.2. If one has made up one's mind, contradictory information may not get the attention it really needs.3. With increasing stress, channelizing attention is limiting the flow of information to the central decision maker (CNS). 1and 3 are correct 1, 2 and 3 are correct 2 and 3 are correct 1 and 2 are correct

3 - The main purpose of lumbar support is to: Allow the most comfortable position for the spine Allow the most comfortable position for the spine and shoulder bones Allow the most comfortable position for the spine and higher neck bones Produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve naturally.

4 - What is the name for the sensation of rotation occurring during flight and which is caused by multiple stimulation of several semicircular canals at the same time? 'Seat-of-the-Pants' illusions Sudden incapacitation Graveyard spin 'Pilot's' Vertigo

5 - Disturbance of the biological clock appears after a:1. bad night's sleep2. day flight Amsterdam - New York3. day flight Amsterdam - Johannesburg4. night flight New York - Amsterdam 2 and 4 are correct 1,2,3 and 4 are correct 1 and 3 are correct 1,2 and 3 are correct

6 - Having a serious cold it is better not to fly, due to the extra risk of:1. flatulence2. pain in the ear during descent3. vertigo4. pain in the nasal sinuses 1,3 and 4 are correct 1 and 2 are correct 1,2 and 4 are correct 2,3 and 4 are correct

7 - An identical situation can be experienced by one pilot as exciting in a positive sense and by another pilot as threatening. In both cases: Both pilots will loose their motor-coordination The arousal level of both pilots will be raised The pilot feeling threatened, will be much more relaxed, than the pilot looking forward to what may happen Both pilots will experience the same amount of stress

8 - Breathing pure oxygen (without pressure) will be sufficient up to an altitude of: 40000 FT 80000 FT 60000 FT 45000 FT

9 - As a result of automation in cockpits, It is easier for the captain to monitor the work of the first officer and vice versa The need for communication between crew members has been decreased Communication and coordination call for an even greater effort on the part of the crew members Communication and coordination have clearly improved in man-man and man-machine relations

10 - The Somatogravic illusion gives the pilot a false impression of: Climbing and turning to the right Descending and turning to the left Descending and turning to the right Climbing or descending

11 - General Adaptation Syndrome is characterised by the following phases: 1: alarm2: alert phase3: resistance phase4: exhaustion phase5: vigilance phase 2,3,4 1,3,4 2,3,4,5 1,2,4,5

12 - By 'long duration acceleration', we mean that it lasts more than: 20 seconds 1 second 5 minutes 1 minute

13 - Which of the following statements concerning barotrauma are correct? It is caused by an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen associated with a decrease in altitude It is more likely to occur during ascent then during a rapid descent It is caused by pressure differentials between gases in hollow cavities of the body and the ambient pressure It is mainly associated with a sink rate which exceeds the ability of the body to balance its internal pressures

14 - To optimise one's night-vision performance, it is necessary:- 1: to spend some time getting adapted to low levels of illumination- 2: to increase the instrument panel lighting by reducing the cockpit lighting- 3: not to focus on the point to be observed- 4: to avoid blinding sources of light 1,2,4 2,3,4 1,3,4 2

15 - The cornea and the crystalline lens of the eye: Allow for the regulation of the amount of light admitted into the eye Keep the retina clean and healthy Permit the reception and conversion of visual stimuli to images interpreted by the brain Cause the convergence of light rays onto the retina

16 - An engine low oil pressure light has just illuminated. The pilot feels some stress building up. He should: Persuade himself that this is a false alarm to reduce his stress Divert immediately to the nearest airfield Use humour to show that he is not concerned Control his stress by following appropriate procedures (e.g. checklists)

17 - Although the anticipation of possible events is a good attitude for pilots to acquire, it can sometimes lead to hazardous situations. With this statement in mind, select the response below which could lead to such a hazard: Anticipating that the flight will take longer time than planned Anticipating that the weather may deteriorate Anticipating the sequence of items on a check list. Mishearing the contents of a reply from an air traffic controller when a non-standard procedure was given but a standard procedure was anticipated

18 - You climb from 0 to 50.000 ft and measure the decrease of the pressure per 5.000 ft. The absolute difference in barometric pressure is greatest between: 10.000 and 15.000 feet 5.000 and 10.000 feet 45.000 and 50.000 feet 0 and 5.000 feet

19 - The function of the Eustachian tube is to equalise the pressure between the: Middle ear and the external atmosphere Sinuses Nose, throat and the external atmosphere Sinuses of the nose and the external atmosphere

20 - Flying at pressure altitude of 10 000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude Above 10 000 FT Of 15000 FT when breathing 100% oxygen Lower than 10 000 FT Of 10 000 FT

21 - The ideal cockpit can be termed as: Cohesive Communicative Synergistic Co-operative

22 - What counter-measure can be used against barotrauma of the middle ear? Increase rate of descent Close the mouth, pinch the nose tight and blow out thereby increasing the pressure in the mouth and throat. At the same time try to swallow or move lower jaw Pilots should apply anti-cold remedies prior every flight to prevent barotrauma in the middle ear Stop climbing, start descent

23 - Disorientation is more likely to occur when the pilot is:1. flying in IMC2. frequently changing between inside and outside references3. flying from IMC into VMC4. approaching over still water at night 2, 3 and 4 are correct 1, 2 and 3 are correct 1, 3 and 4 are correct 1, 2 and 4 are correct

24 - What elements establish synergy within the crew ? Synergy is independent of the natural individual characteristics of the group members (communication, mutual confidence, sharing of tasks, etc.) Synergy establishes itself automatically within the crew, right through from briefing to debriefing It is only the captain's status which allows the establishment of synergy within the crew Synergy must be built up from the start of the mission (briefing) and be maintained until it comes to an end (debriefing)

25 - A passenger complains about a painful inflated belly at 8.000 feet. You advise him to:1. unbuckle and massage the belly2. stand up and let go the gases out of the intestines3. eat less gas forming food and avoid carbonhydrated beverages before flight in the future4. drink a lot of water throughout the flight 2, 3 and 4 are correct 1 and 3 not advisable 1, 2 and 3 are correct Only 4 is correct

26 - Up to what altitude is blood oxygen saturation reduction unlikely to affect a pilot's judgement? 20,000 FT 10,000 FT 30,000 FT 25,000 FT

27 - The type of hypoxia, which occurs at altitude is a explained by: Boyle Mariotte's law Dalton's law Graham's law Henry's law

28 - Fatigue and stress Increase the tolerance to hypoxia Lower the tolerance to hypoxia Will increase the tolerance to hypoxia when flying below 15 000 feet Do not affect hypoxia at all

29 - The blood in the pulmonary artery is: Lacking in both oxygen and carbon dioxide Rich in oxygen and lacking in carbon dioxide Lacking in oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide Rich in both oxygen and carbon dioxide

30 - Which procedure is recommended to prevent or overcome spatial disorientation? Rely entirely on the indications of the flight instruments. Get adapted to low levels of illumination before flying and use off-centre vision all the time. Rely on the seat-of-the-pants sense. Tilt your head to the side to get better informations from the semicircular canals.

31 - The atmosphere contains the following gases: 78% helium, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon monoxide, rest: rare gases 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% carbon monoxide, rest: rare gases 78% helium, 21% oxygen, 0,03% carbon dioxide, rest: rare gases 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0,03% carbon dioxide, rest: rare gases

32 - Cognitive evaluation which leads to stress is based on: The evaluation of the capabilities of the individual and the time available The evaluation of the situation and the state of fatigue of the individual The capabilities of the individual and the solutions provided by the environment The evaluation of the situation and the evaluation of capabilities to cope with it

33 - The retina allows for colour perception as a result of the: Crystalline lens Rods located in its central part Rods located in its peripheral zone Cones located in its central part

34 - Information received from the senses is lost: Within 10 - 20 seconds unless it is rehearsed and deliberately placed in the Long Term Memory. Only if you suffer from brain damage or disease. If you choose to store the information in one of the sensory memories (e.g. Iconic or Echoic memories). If an additional action takes place (e.g.: pulling a circuit breaker or extinguishing a warning light).

35 - Henry's Law explains the occurrence of: Diffusion Decompression sickness Hypoxia Hyperventilation

36 - The fovea is Where the optic nerves come together with the pupil The area of the blind spot (optic disc) The area of best day vision and best night vision The area of best day vision and no night vision at all

37 - Define hypoxia and explain why living tissues require oxygen. Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen to fight infection or invading bacteria. Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen to coagulate the blood in case of infection. Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require carbon dioxide for metabolism. Hypoxia is the lack of sufficient oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues which require oxygen for oxidation of carbohydrates from food to produce energy.

38 - A pilot becomes skilled when he / she: 1: trains or practises regularly2: knows how to manage himself / herself3: possesses all the knowledge associated with his aircraft4: knows how to keep resources in reserve for coping with the unexpected 1,2 1,2,3,4 2,3,4 1,2,4

39 - Which gas most readily combines with haemoglobin? Nitrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Oxygen

40 - Which of the following statements is correct?1. Psychosomatic means that mental and/or emotional stressors can be manifested in physical reactions.2. Psychosomatic means that a physical problem is always followed by psychological stress. 1 and 2 are both correct 1 is false, 2 is correct 1 is correct, 2 is false 1 and 2 are both false

41 - The semicircular canals of the inner ear monitor Movements with constant speeds Relative speed and linear accelerations Angular accelerations Gravity

42 - Which of the following answers is correct? Personality is the outward result of behaviour and attitude and is adaptable. Behaviour is the outward result of personality and attitude and is not adaptable. Behaviour is the outward result of personality and attitude and is adaptable. Personality is the outward result of behaviour and attitude and is not adaptable.

43 - How can the process of learning be facilitated? By increasing the psychological pressure on the student By punishing the learner for unsuccessful trials By reinforcing successful efforts By reinforcing errors

44 - Excessive exposure to noise can damage: The ossicles The semi circular canals The eardrum The sensitive membrane in the cochlea

45 - The Coriolis effect in spatial disorientation occurs as a result of: Simultaneous stimulation of several semicircular canals Absence of semicircular canal stimulation On stimulating the cochlea intensely Stimulation of the saccule and the utricle (otoliths) of the inner ear

46 - How can vertigo be prevented in conditions of good visibility? By closing the eyes momentarily By looking approximately 5° to one side of an object By looking at the horizon By avoiding blinking

47 - The Leans or Somatogyral illusion can be caused by: Going into a turn too quickly Bunting the aircraft A carrier take-off Reducing bank following a prolonged turn

48 - The 'Black hole' phenomenon occurs during approaches at night and over water, jungle or desert. When the pilot is lacking visual cues other than those of the aerodrome there is an illusion of Being too close, landing long Climbing Being too high and too far away, dropping low and landing short Being too low, flying a steeper approach than normal

49 - Alcohol, even when taken in minor quantities Can make the brain cells to be more susceptible to hypoxia May improve the mental functions, so that the symptoms of hypoxia are much better to be identified Will have no effect at all Will stimulate the brain, making the pilot resistant to hypoxia

50 - Although we have a field of vision of more than 180° it is important during flight to use the scanning technique, because: It is tiring to look continually in the same direction Only in the peripheral area of the retina resolution is good enough to see an object clearly Only in the foveal area resolution is good enough to see an object clearly The reduction in the field of vision with decreasing altitude is due to a lack of vitamin A

51 - The two types of fatigue are: Chronic short-term and acute Heavy and light Oppressive and negative Short-term and oppressive

52 - According to the different phases of the 'General Adaptation Syndrome'which of the following statement/s is/are correct?1. During the alarm phase stress hormones (i.e. adrenaline) will cause a massive release of glucose into the blood, an acceleration of pulse and blood pressure as well as an increase in the rate and depth of breathing2. During the resistance phase the parasympathetic system uses a different type of hormone (cortisol) assisting to convert fat into sugar thus providing sufficient energy supply to the brain and body cells for sustained operation.3. During the exhaustion phase the body has to be given time to eliminate the waste products which have been generated excessively during the two preceding phases, 1 and 2 are correct, 3 is false Only 1 is correct 1,2 and 3 are correct 2 and 3 are correct, 1 is false

53 - The thin walls of capillaries are permeable for: Platelets Protein Gases Red blood cells

54 - The first step for an individual's cure of alcoholism is: The admission that he/she is an alcoholic and a willingness to accept treatment A complete abstinence from alcohol Cutting down on the consumption of alcohol Counselling

55 - You can overcome hyperventilation by breathing into a plastic or paper bag. The intention is: To prevent you from exhaling too much oxygen To raise the level of CO2 in the blood as fast as possible To reduce blood pressure To increase the amount of nitrogen in the lungs

56 - Which of the following list are symptoms of fatigue?1. Diminished accommodation2. Slowed reactions3. Long-term memory access problems4. Being over-talkative5. Diminished motor skills 1, 2 & 4 All of the above 1, 2, 3 & 5 2 & 5 only

57 - How do you understand the statement 'one cannot not communicate'? You cannot influence your own communication. Each situation requires communication. The statement above is a misprint. Being silent as well as inactive are nonverbal behaviour patterns which express a meaning.

58 - Flickering light when reflected from spinning rotor blades Can cause spatial disorientation and/or nausea Should be avoided, because it may destroy the optic nerve Can be avoided when the strobe-lights are switched on Has no effect

59 - A person being exposed to extreme or prolonged stress factors can perceive: Coping stress Eustress Distress Stressors

60 - Barotrauma caused by gas accumulation in the stomach and intestines can lead to: Barotitis Pressure pain or flatulence Barosinusitis Decompression sickness

61 - The proprioceptive senses (seat-of-the-pants sense) are important for motor coordination. They Indicate the difference between gravity and G-forces Allow the pilot to determine the absolute vertical at flight condition Are completely unreliable for orientation when flying in IMC Are important senses for flight training in IMC

62 - The risk of spatial disorientation increases when: The pilot is buckled tightly to his/her seat and cannot sense the attitude changes of the aircraft by the Seat-of-the-Pants-Sense The pilot is performing an effective instrument cross-check and is ignoring illusions There is contradictory information between the instruments and the vestibular organs Information from the vestibular organ in the inner ear are ignored

63 - When problem-solving, what determines the transition from rule-based activities to knowledge-based activities? Unsuitability of automated actions. Unsuitability of known rules for the problem posed. There is never a transition from Rule-based and Knowledge-based behaviour. Knowledge of rules that apply for the problem.

64 - Vitamin A and possibly vitamins B and C are chemical factors and essential to good night vision:1. Vitamin deficiencies may decrease night vision performance2. An excess intake of vitamin A will improve night vision performance significantly3. Pilots should be carefully concerned to take a balanced diet containing sufficient vitamin A4. Vitamin deficiencies may decrease visual acuity in photopic vision but not in scotopic vision 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct 1 and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are false 1 and 3 are false, 2 and 4 are correct Only 4 is false

65 - The human ear is capable of perceiving vibrations between the frequencies 20 - 20000 Hz 30 - 15000 dB 20000 - 40000 Hz 0 - 16 Hz

66 - What are the main factors which bring about reduced or low vigilance (hypovigilance) ?1. The monotony of the task2. Tiredness and the need for sleep3. A lack of stimulation4. Excessive stress 1,2,3 3,4 1,3 2,4

67 - Can you suffer from aerodontalgia in the descent? Only above 10.000 ft No Only in pressurised aircraft Yes

68 - You fly VFR from your home base (runway width 27 m), to an international airport (runway width 45 m). On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a: High approach with overshoot Low approach with undershoot Low approach with overshoot High approach with undershoot

69 - According to Rasmussen's model, errors in rule-based control mode are of the following type(s): Routine errors Handling errors Errors of technical knowledge Creative errors

70 - Concerning the capacity of the human long-term memory It is structurally limited in terms of storage capacity, but unlimited in terms of storage time It is structurally limited in terms of storage time but not in terms of capacity Its storage capacity is unlimited Its mode of storing information is passive, making memory searches effective

71 - What should a pilot do to optimise his/her night vision (scotopic vision)? Wait at least 60 minutes to night-adapt before he takes off Avoid food containing high amounts of vitamin A Select meals with high contents of vitamin B and C Not smoke before start and during flight and avoid flash-blindness

72 - The semicircular canals form part of the Inner ear External ear Ear drum Middle ear

73 - The pressoreceptors are located in The intestines The carotid and aortic arterial vessels The lungs The heart

74 - The area in front of a threshold descends towards the threshold. Possible danger is: Approach is lower than normal and may result in a short landing To drop far below the glide path To misjudge the length of the runway Approach is higher than normal and may result in a long landing

75 - Which sensations does a pilot get, when he is rolling out of a prolonged level turn? Flying straight and level Turning in the opposite direction Turning into the original direction Climbing

76 - Galactic Radiation is: Unsteady and reasonably predictable Steady but unpredictable Steady and reasonably predictable Unsteady and unpredictable

77 - A shining light is fading out (i. e. when flying into fog, dust or haze). What kind of illusion could the pilot get? The source of light stands still The source of light is approaching him with increasing speed The source of light moves away from him The light source will make the pilot believe, that he is climbing

78 - Saturation of oxygen in the blood at sea level is approximately 98%. This saturation decreases with:1. decreasing air pressure2. carbon monoxide poisoning3. increasing altitude4. increasing air pressure 1, 2 and 4 are correct, 3 is false 2, 3 and 4 are correct, 1 is false 1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false 1, 3 and 4 are correct, 2 is false

79 - A pilot, accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get: The illusion of climbing or descending The impression of stationary objects moving to the right or left The illusion to turning The feeling of rotation

80 - The assessment of risk in a particular situation will be based on Subjective perception and evaluation of situational factors Situational factors only The emergency checklist only External factors only

81 - In order to limit stress when flying, a pilot should: Maintain his competence by practicing his professional skills and learning from past experiences Drop activities outside work so as to focus on his work better Avoid anticipating events during a flight to manage his workload Forget about bad past experiences

82 - The heart muscle is supplied with blood by: Ventricles The auricles The pulmonary veins The coronary arteries

83 - Which of the following applies when alcohol has been consumed? Drinking coffee at the same time will increase the elimination rate of alcohol Small amounts of alcohol increase visual performance Even after the consumption of small amounts of alcohol, normal cautionary attitudes may be lost Acute effects of alcohol cease immediately when 100% oxygen is taken

84 - The performance of the man machine system is above all: A combination which is based on decreasing the pilot's workload and increasing his time for supervision A combination in which the pilot must keep the main repetitive tasks and automated systems under his control in line with rule-based behaviour A combination which must make the pilot available for the sphere in which he is most qualified, namely checking departures from the normal operating range A balanced combination between someone actively engaged in his work and automated systems which serve to control the pilot's workload

85 - The first cockpit tool that tends to suffer as a result of stress: Cockpit communications Cockpit entity Cockpit cohesion Cockpit synergy

86 - What diseases can be associated with contaminated water? Tetanus, Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentery Tetanus, Typhoid, Cholera Hydrophobia, Cholera, Dysentery. Typhoid, Cholera, Dysentery

87 - The system which controls breathing, digestion, heart rate, etc., over which there is no voluntary control, is: The critical nervous system The local nervous system Non-existent, as all these functions are under conscious control The autonomic nervous system

88 - How is oxygen mainly transported in the blood? White blood cells. Plasma. Blood fat. Haemoglobin in the red blood cells.

89 - What is a stressor? All external stimulation are stressors since they modify the internal equilibrium An external or internal stimulus which is interpreted by an individual as being stressful The adaptation response of the individual to his environment A psychological problem developed in a situation of danger

90 - Illusions that pilots experience in conditions of fog or mist are that: Objects appear closer than they really are and lead to shallow approaches. Objects appear closer than they really are and lead to steep approaches. Objects appear further away than they really are and lead to shallow approaches. Objects appear further away than they really are and can lead to steep approaches.

91 - Ozone in the air of a pressurized cabin can be eliminated by: Ozone-converters Spraying detergents Climbing to altitudes above 45,000 ft Avoiding flights along the equator

92 - The requirement of good sunglasses is to Absorb enough visible light to eliminate glare without decreasing visual acuity Increase the time for dark adaptation Eliminate distortion in aircraft windshields Fit to the pilots individual taste

93 - The maintenance of man's internal equilibrium is called: Homeostasis Poikilothermy Homeothermy Heterostasis

94 - Astigmatism is caused by: A lack of empty field A lack of vitamin A A lack of accommodation A mis-shapened cornea

95 - Which statement is correct ? Oxygen diffusion from the blood into the cells depends on the partial oxygen pressure gradient. Oxygen diffusion from the lungs into the blood does not depend on partial oxygen pressure. The gradient of diffusion is higher at altitude than it is at sea-level. Oxygen is mainly transported in plasma.

96 - The process of responding to a sender by confirming the reception of a message is called Feedback Transference Synchronization Redundancy

97 - Which of the following mechanisms regulate body temperature when exposed to extreme high environmental temperatures?-1: Shivering-2: Vaso-constriction of peripheral blood vessels-3: Sweating-4: Vaso-dilation of peripheral blood vessels 2,3 1,3,4 1 3,4

98 - A stereotype and involuntary reaction of the organism on stimulation of receptors is called: Reflex Change of stimulation level Control system Data processing

99 - Which force(s) affect(s) the otoliths in the utriculus and sacculus? Gravity alone Linear acceleration and angular acceleration Gravity and linear acceleration Angular acceleration

100 - The volume of air exchanged during a normal breathing cycle (tidal volume) is about: 350 ml of air 150 ml of air 500 ml of air 75 ml of air

101 - Which biases relate to human decision making?1. Personal experience tends to alter the perception of the risk of an event occurring2. There is a natural tendency to want to confirm our decision even in the face of facts which contradict it3. The group to which an individual belongs tends to influence the particular decision4. There is natural tendency to select only objective facts for decision-making purposes 1,2,3 1,2,4 3,4 1,2

102 - What is meant by the term 'complacency'? An agreement between captain and co-pilot due to Crew Resources Management To question possible solutions Physiological consequences on pilots because of fear of flying Unjustified self-confidence

103 - Rods (scotopic visual cells) allow for: Good, virtually instantaneous night-vision (scotopic vision) Good night-vision after adaptation to darkness (30 min) Red vision, both during the day and at night Precise vision of contours and colours

104 - Which of the following symptoms can indicate hypoxia?1. Blue lips and finger nails.2. Euphoria.3. Flatulence.4 .Unconsciousness.. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 2, 3 and 4 are correct. 1, 2 and 4 are correct. 1, 3 and 4 are correct.

105 - The level at which a pilot will experience a situation as stressful Depends on the individual's perception of available abilities in comparison to the perceived demands Depends on self-confidence alone Depends on the level of demand but not on individual interpretation of the situational demands Does not depend on his capacity to absorb information

106 - Pilot stress reactions: Are related to an internationally recognized list of stressors where the top-ten items should be avoided by every means Seem to be always the same for most pilots Do not change with the environment or different situations but mainly with the characters themselves Differ from pilot to pilot, depending on how a person manages the particular stressors

107 - The changes in atmospheric gas pressure with altitude are: Non-linear, with a higher rate of change at lower levels Decreases more slowly at lower altitudes compared with at higher levels Decreases in a linear manner with altitude Rises with altitude

108 - With regard to the average influence of age on pilot performance, it may be said that age: Sharply reduces performance without, however, affecting cognitive capabilities Has little impact when the pilot is able to compensate for it by his/her flight experience Increases in impact as speed of thought and memory deteriorate Has a major impact owing to the impairment of memory

109 - The barometric pressure has dropped to 1/2 of the pressure at sea level at 10 000 feet 18 000 feet 30 000 feet 25 000 feet

110 - Which statement applies to hypoxia? You may become immune to hypoxia when exposed repeatedly to hypoxia Carbon monoxide increases the tolerance of the brain to oxygen deficiency It is possible to predict when, how and where hypoxia reaction starts to set in Sensitivity and reaction to hypoxia varies from person to person

111 - Generally, the time required for dark adaptation is: 1/10 sec 10 sec 10 min 30 min

112 - An example of conflict between status and role is: A Manager interviewing an experienced Captain of an aircraft. A senior Captain acting as co-pilot to a junior Captain of an aircraft. An ATC Controller interviewing an inexperienced Captain. A security officer temporarily standing in for a member of the cabin crew.

113 - When a pilot is starring at an isolated stationary light for several seconds in the dark he might get the illusion that: The light is moving The colour of the light is varying The intensity of the light is varying The size of the light is varying

114 - What human function is most sensitive to lack of oxygen? Hearing Motor co-ordination Touch Night vision

115 - A pilot may get the illusion of low altitude on approach although the aircraft is on the correct glidepath: When the runway is unusually narrow When the runway is wider than he is used to Depending on the approach speed of the aircraft On night approaches only

116 - Scanning at night should be performed by: Slight eye movements to the side of the object Avoiding food containing Vitamin A Concentrated fixation on an object (image must fall on the fovea) Scanning with one eye open

117 - In 1972, a psychologist named Edwards presented a concept of the interface between flight crew and other parts of the airspace environment. What is this concept called and the names of those elements involved? The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, economy and liveware The SHELL Concept. Software, harmony, environment, and location The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment, and liveware The SHELL Concept. Software, hardware, environment and location

118 - The main limitation of the long-term memory is: The quantity of data which may be stored If enough information is entered at the same time, saturation may take place Unless information is accessed from time to time, retrieval of information can be difficult The data storage time

119 - Flights immediately after SCUBA-diving (compressed gas mixtures, bottles) (>10 m depth) Can be performed without any danger Are allowed, if 38000 FT are not exceeded Are forbidden Should be avoided because hypoxia may develop

120 - The Vestibular Apparatus consists of the: Eustachian tube and the semi-circular canals Semi-circular canals and the otoliths Eustachian tube and the pinna Cochlea and the auditory nerve

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Exam simulation Human Performance and Limitations ATPL - Airline Transport Pilot license

Exam simulation atpl 120 questions on 120 minutes