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Exam simulation Human Performance and Limitations ATPL - Airline Transport Pilot license

Exam simulation ATPL Human Performance and Limitations 120 questions on 120 minutes

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1 - During the cruise, at night, when the workload is low, it is recommended that:
2 - The retina allows for colour perception as a result of the:
3 - The physiological effects of accelerations to the human body depend on:1. the duration of the G-forces2. the onset rate of the G-forces3. the magnitude of the G-forces4. the direction of the G-forces.
4 - The atmosphere contains the following gases:
5 - An non-synergetic cockpit:
6 - What may trigger stress in humans?
7 - Which of the following operations are performed more effectively by people than by automatic systems ?1. Qualitative decision-making2. Waiting for an infrequent phenomenon3. Monitoring to ensure that certain values are not exceeded4. Detections of unusual conditions (smell, noise, etc.)
8 - Success in achieving the objectives of a message requires:
9 - The fovea is
10 - The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates:
11 - It is desirable to standardize as many patterns of behaviour (operating procedures) as possible in commercial aviation mainly because
12 - Within communication, what element suggests that a message has been received and understood ?
13 - The use of professional languages offers:
14 - The so-called 'Seat-of-the-Pants' sense is
15 - Even at normal cabin altitudes (i.e. around 8000 ft) you can get severe abdominal pain and flatulence after eating gas forming foods or fizzy drinks. The correct counter-measure is:
16 - To prevent vertigo in flight we should
17 - General Adaptation Syndrome is characterised by the following phases: 1: alarm2: alert phase3: resistance phase4: exhaustion phase5: vigilance phase
18 - Barotrauma caused by gas accumulation in the stomach and intestines can lead to:
19 - The following actions are appropriate when faced with symptoms of decompression sickness:1. climb to higher level2. descent to the higher of 10000 ft or MSA and land as soon as possible3. breathe 100 % oxygen4. obtain medical advice about recompression after landing
20 - Up to what altitude is blood oxygen saturation reduction unlikely to affect a pilot's judgement?
21 - The transfer of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli can be described by:
22 - To maintain good situational awareness you should:( 1) believe only in your own interpretation of the data( 2) gather as much data as possible from every possible source before making inferences( 3) question whether your hypothesis still fits the situation as events progress and try to make time to review the situation( 4) consider ways of testing your situational hypothesis to see whether it is correct
23 - When the optical image forms in front of the retina
24 - Among the factors which affect visual acuity are:
25 - When a pilot is facing a problem during flight he should
26 - If you are disorientated during night flying you must:
27 - During hyperventilation:
28 - Flying immediately following a dive with SCUBA diving equipment to a depth greater than 10 metres is not advisable because:
29 - The General Adaption Syndrome is associated with the:
30 - What is the effect of tiredness on attention ?
31 - Which of the following is correct?
32 - Which of the following statements are correct?1. The first information received determines how subsequent information will be evaluated.2. If one has made up one's mind, contradictory information may not get the attention it really needs.3. With increasing stress, attention is limited thereby reducing the flow of information to the central decision maker.
33 - A barotrauma of the middle ear is:
34 - A copilot has passed an upgrading course to become a captain. Which psychological consequence is most likely?
35 - Accommodation, which enables a clear image to be obtained, is accomplished by which of the following?
36 - Haemoglobin is:
37 - In order to completely resynchronise with local time after zone crossing, circadian rhythms require
38 - During flight in IMC, the most reliable sense which should be used to overcome illusions is the:
39 - One negative aspect of the highly automated cockpit results in:
40 - With a heart rate of 72 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 ml the cardiac output is about:
41 - The percentage of oxygen in the air at an altitude of approximately 34 000 ft is:
42 - After SCUBA diving (more than 30 feet of depth) you have to wait a period of time before flying again. This period is at least:
43 - One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is:
44 - Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in flight:
45 - Among the functions below, which is the most sensitive to hypoxia?
46 - When accelerating forward the otoliths in the utriculus/sacculus will
47 - Motivation is a quality which is often considered vital in the pilot's work to maintain safety.
48 - Early symptoms of hypoxia could be:1. euphoria2. decreased rate and depth of breathing3. lack of concentration4. visual disturbances
49 - In tropical zones, it is recommended that:
50 - What is a stressor?
51 - The first cockpit tool that tends to suffer as a result of stress:
52 - Which biases relate to human decision making?1. Personal experience tends to alter the perception of the risk of an event occurring2. There is a natural tendency to want to confirm our decision even in the face of facts which contradict it3. The group to which an individual belongs tends to influence the particular decision4. There is natural tendency to select only objective facts for decision-making purposes
53 - The proprioceptive senses (seat-of-the-pants sense) are important for motor coordination. They
54 - An experienced pilot:
55 - Personality is based on:1. Heredity2. Upbringing3. Experience4. Childhood
56 - Which force(s) affect(s) the otoliths in the utriculus and sacculus?
57 - With regard to the average influence of age on pilot performance, it may be said that age:
58 - According to Rasmussen's model, errors are of the following type(s) in skill-based behaviour:
59 - Approximately how long will a blood alcohol level of 60 mg / 100 ml take to return to normal?
60 - Which of the following statements are correct:-1: Scuba diving may be practiced without restriction-2: Many medicines have effects which are incompatible with flight safety-3: An adequate amount of fluid should be drunk when flying-4: Alcohol has no effect on the inner ear.
61 - Although we have a field of vision of more than 180° it is important during flight to use the scanning technique, because:
62 - Which of the following are included in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?1. Freedom from pain and danger2. Expressions of capacities and talents3. Self-esteem needs4. Self-fulfilment needs5. Physiological needs
63 - How can the process of learning be enhanced?
64 - Vision of terrain relief (e.g. hills, valleys, etc.):
65 - What is understood by air-sickness?
66 - Which of the following statements is/are correct?1. A person experiencing sleep loss is unlikely to be aware of personal performance degradation2. Performance loss may be present up to 20 minutes after awaking from a short sleep (nap)
67 - The retina of the eye
68 - A shining light is fading out (i. e. when flying into fog, dust or haze). What kind of illusion could the pilot get?
69 - The exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood is due to:
70 - You fly VFR from your home base (runway width 27 m), to an international airport (runway width 45 m). On reaching your destination there is a risk of performing a:
71 - The 'cocktail party effect' is:
72 - Without visual reference, what illusion could the pilot get, when he is stopping the rotation to recover from a spin? He will get the illusion of
73 - Which of the following statements is correct concerning flight in an environment of low contrast (fog, snow, darkness, haze)?
74 - Which of the following symptoms can indicate hypoxia?1. Blue lips and finger nails.2. Euphoria.3. Flatulence.4 .Unconsciousness..
75 - What are the main characteristics of active errors ? They:1. are detectable only with difficulty by first-line operators2. have rapid and direct consequences on the action in progress3. occur at the human/machine interface4. lie dormant and are undetected at first
76 - Concerning the effects of drugs and pilot's performance
77 - With regard to decompression sickness associated with flight, we know that:
78 - Learning to fly naturally induces stress in a student pilot because he is lacking experience. Manifestations of this type of stress are:1. nervousness and chanellized attention2. being rough at the controls3. smoke and drink much more alcohol than usual4. airsickness, lack of sleep
79 - According to the different phases of the 'General Adaptation Syndrome'which of the following statement/s is/are correct?1. During the alarm phase stress hormones (i.e. adrenaline) will cause a massive release of glucose into the blood, an acceleration of pulse and blood pressure as well as an increase in the rate and depth of breathing2. During the resistance phase the parasympathetic system uses a different type of hormone (cortisol) assisting to convert fat into sugar thus providing sufficient energy supply to the brain and body cells for sustained operation.3. During the exhaustion phase the body has to be given time to eliminate the waste products which have been generated excessively during the two preceding phases,
80 - Define hypoxia and explain why living tissues require oxygen.
81 - 1. Psychosomatic means that a physiological problem is followed by psychological stress.2. Psychosomatic complaints hardly occur in professional aviation because of the strict selection for this particular profession .
82 - The ideal cockpit can be termed as:
83 - What seems to be the main role of Orthodox sleep?
84 - Glaucoma:
85 - Alcohol, even when taken in minor quantities
86 - Changes in blood-pressure are measured by:
87 - The vestibular system is composed of-1: two ventricles-2: a saccule-3: a utricle-4: three semicircular channels
88 - Which of the following is most likely to be overlooked should a pilot make a rushed decision?
89 - The part(s) of the eye responsible for night vision:
90 - Barotrauma is caused by an increase or decrease in the volume of the gases contained in the body's cavities. Which, in practice, are the most frequent locations of such problems?
91 - Excessive exposure to noise can damage:
92 - Improvement of human reliability should entail:
93 - How can vertigo be prevented in conditions of good visibility?
94 - Which of the following mechanisms regulate body temperature when exposed to extreme high environmental temperatures?-1: Shivering-2: Vaso-constriction of peripheral blood vessels-3: Sweating-4: Vaso-dilation of peripheral blood vessels
95 - The process of responding to a sender by confirming the reception of a message is called
96 - Caffeine may cause an increase in cardiac rate, restlessness/nervousness, insomnia, anxiety and intestinal irritability. Excessive consumption is considered to be in excess of:
97 - Which of the following physical stimuli may cause stress reactions?-1: noise.-2: conflict.-3: temperature.-4: an administrative problem.-5: hunger. The combination of correct statements is:
98 - The main purpose of lumbar support is to:
99 - In decision-making, the selection of a solution depends on:1. objective and subjective criteria2. the objective to be achieved3. the risks associated with each solution4. the personality of the decision-maker
100 - What is meant by presbycusis?
101 - A barotrauma of the middle ear
102 - Which of the following systems are involved in motion sickness? 1: Hearing2: The vestibular system 3: Vision4 The proprioceptive senses 'Seat-of-the-Pants-Sense') 5: The gastrointestinal system
103 - Habits and routine can influence decision-making in a way that:
104 - Hyperventilation is:
105 - When flying at night the first sense to be affected by a slight degree of hypoxia is the
106 - The sleep cycles repeat during the course of a night's sleep.1. Each succeeding cycle contains a greater amount of REM-sleep.2. Frequent interruption of the REM-sleep may be harmful.
107 - The sleep pattern is closely associated with:
108 - Sleeplessness or the disruption of sleeping patterns1. can lead to symptoms of drowsiness, irritability and lack of concentration2. will make an individual more prone to make errors
109 - The Somatogravic illusion gives the pilot a false impression of:
110 - The errors of a motor programme are:
111 - Which of the following are the most favourable solutions to manage phases of reduced or low vigilance (hypovigilance)?1. Healthy living2. Use of amphetamines3. Reducing the intensity of the light4. Organising periods of rest during the flight
112 - What is the main problem caused by positive (+Gz) accelerations?
113 - Physical exercise in high temperatures (tropical climates) may:
114 - Although the anticipation of possible events is a good attitude for pilots to acquire, it can sometimes lead to hazardous situations. With this statement in mind, select the response below which could lead to such a hazard:
115 - Divided attention is the ability:1. to execute several mental activities at almost the same time (i.e. when switching attention from outside the aircraft to the airspeed indicator on the instrument panel)2. to monitor the progress of a motor programme (i.e. flying or taxiing the airplane) on a relatively subconscious level, while making a radio call at the same time (requiring a rather conscious level)3 .to select information and check if it is relevant to the task in hand. At the same time no other operation can be performed.4. to delegate tasks to the copilot while concentrating on the procedures
116 - The type of hypoxia, which occurs at altitude is a explained by:
117 - The changes in atmospheric gas pressure with altitude are:
118 - During flight all crewmembers have one or more of the following symptoms:1. blue lips2. mental disturbances3. tingling sensations in arms and/or legs4. reduction of peripheral vision Which is the possible cause?
119 - The risk of spatial disorientation increases when:
120 - We can observe the following in relation to a state of hypothermia:
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