1 - . Overloading has the following effects on performance:
2 - Given are the following information at take-off____________________________________________________________ STATION....................MASS (kg)....ARM (cm)....MOMENT (kgcm)____________________________________________________________ Basic Empty Condition...12045.........+30......+361350Crew..................................145........-160.......-23200Freight ( 1)..........................570.......+200......+114000Freight ( 2)..........................410..........-40.......-16400Fuel.................................6045...........-8.......-48360Given that the flight time is 2 h and the estimated fuel flow will be 1050 litres per h. The specific density of fuel is 0.79. The 'Freight ( 2)' will be dropped during flight within the scope of a rescue action.Calculate the CG position at landing.
3 - An aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service. Who is responsible for deriving the Dry Operational Mass from the weighed mass by the addition of the 'operational items' ?
4 - Moment (balance) arms are measured from a specific point to the body station at which the mass is located. That point is known as
5 - The maximum zero-fuel mass: 1- is a regulatory limitation2- is calculated for a maximum load factor of +3.5 g3- is based on the maximum permissible bending moment at the wing root4- is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from the outer wings tank first 5- is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from the centre wing tank first The combination of correct statements is:
6 - With respect to a single-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the zero fuel moment (lbs.In./100) in the following conditions:Basic Empty Mass: 2415 lbs.Arm at Basic Empty Mass: 77,9 In. Cargo Zone A: 350 lbs.Baggage Zone B: 35 lbs.Pilot and front seat passenger: 300 lbs (total)
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7 - Which of the following corresponds to zero fuel mass?
8 - For the medium range transport aeroplane, from the loading manual, determine the maximum total volume of fuel which can be loaded into the main wing tanks. (Fuel density value 0.78)
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9 - Considering only structural limitations, on very short legs with minimum take-off fuel, the Traffic Load is normally limited by:
10 - Given that:- Maximum structural take-off mass: 146 000 kg- Maximum structural landing mass: 93 900 kg- Maximum zero fuel mass: 86 300 kg- Trip fuel: 27 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 1 000 kg- Contingency fuel: 1350 kg- Alternate fuel: 2650 kg- Final reserve fuel: 3000 kgThe actual TOM can never be higher than:
11 - An aeroplane is carrying a traffic load of 10320 kgComplete the necessary sections of the attached appendix and determine which of the answers given below represents the maximum increase in the traffic load
12 - The centre of gravity of an aircraft is that point through which the total mass of the aircraft is said to act. The weight acts in a direction
13 - Which is true of the aircraft basic empty mass?
14 - Which of the following is unlikely to have any effect on the position of the centre of gravity on an aeroplane in flight ?
15 - Given:Standard Empty Mass 1764 lbs Optional Equipment 35 lbs Pilot + Passenger 300 lbs Cargo 350 lbsRamp Fuel ( Block Fuel) 60 Gal Trip Fuel 35 GalTaxi Fuel 1.7 GalFinal Reserve Fuel 18 Gal Fuel density 6 lbs/GalDetermine the expected landing mass.
16 - When an aircraft is stationary on the ground, its total weight will act vertically
17 - maximum take-off mass is:
18 - An aeroplane is loaded with its centre of gravity towards the rear limit. This will result in:
19 - A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast. On arrival at destination a straight in approach and immediate landing clearance is given. The landing mass will be higher than planned and
20 - Given:Maximum structural take-off mass= 146 900 kg Maximum structural landing mass= 93 800 kg Maximum zero fuel mass= 86 400 kgTrip fuel= 27 500 kgBlock fuel= 35 500 kgEngine starting and taxi fuel = 1 000 kg The maximum take-off mass is equal to:
21 - The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 141000 kg. Total fuel on board is 63000 kg including 14000 kg reserve fuel and 1000 kg of unusable fuel. The traffic load is 12800 kg. The zero fuel mass is:
22 - An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and four main wheels rests on the ground with a single nose wheel load of 500 kg and a single main wheel load of 6000 kg. The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is 10 m.How far is the centre of gravity in front of the main wheels?
23 - What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane ?
24 - . Traffic load is the difference between:
25 - Dry Operating Mass is the mass of the aircraft less
26 - A pallet having a freight platform which measures 200 cm x 250 cm has a total mass of 300 kg. The pallet is carried on two ground supports each measuring 20 cm x 200 cm.Using the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, calculate how much mass may be added to, or must be off loaded from, the pallet in order for the load intensity to match the maximum permitted distribution load intensity for lower deck forward cargo compartment.
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27 - The weight of an aircraft, which is in level non accelerated flight, is said to act
28 - The mass of an item multiplied by it's distance from the datum is it's
29 - In relation to an aircraft, the term ' Basic Empty Mass' includes the mass of the aircraft structure complete with its powerplants, systems, furnishings and other items of equipment considered to be an integral part of the particular aircraft configuration. Its value is
30 - The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data:- Dry operating mass: 90 000 kg- Block fuel: 30 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 800 kg- Maximum take-off mass: 145 000 kg The traffic load available for this flight is:
31 - What are the standard masses used for crew?
32 - When considering the effects of increased mass on an aeroplane, which of the following is true?
33 - When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft, which of the following is not required?
34 - An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield where the performance limited take-off mass is 89200 kg.Certificated maximum masses are as follows:Ramp (taxi) mass 89930 kg Maximum Take-off mass 89430 kg Maximum Landing mass 71520 kg Actual Zero fuel mass 62050 kg Fuel on board at ramp:Taxi fuel 600 kg Trip fuel 17830 kgContingency, final reserve and alternate 9030 kgIf the Dry Operating Mass is 40970 kg the traffic load that can be carried on this flight is
35 - The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension:
36 - The BEM of an aircraft is 30000 kg.Given the following data calculate the DOM: Catering = 300 kgCrew = 600 kgTrip Fuel = 1200 kg Unusable Fuel = 30 kg Traffic Load = 2500 kg
37 - Given:Total mass 2900 kgCentre of gravity (cg) location station: 115 Aft cg limit station: 116The maximum mass that can be added at station 130 is:
38 - If individual masses are used, the mass of an aircraft must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter
39 - A revenue flight is to be made by a jet transport. The following are the aeroplane's structural limits:-Maximum Ramp Mass: 69 900 kg-Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg-Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg-Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740 kgTake Off and Landing mass are not performance limited. Dry Operating Mass: 34 930 kgTrip Fuel: 11 500 kg Taxi Fuel: 250 kgContingency & final reserve fuel: 1 450 kg Alternate Fuel: 1 350 kgThe maximum traffic load that can be carried is:
40 - When has the centre of gravity to be computed?
41 - On an aeroplane without central fuel tank, the maximum Zero Fuel Mass is related to:
42 - An aeroplane must be re-weighed at certain intervals. Where an operator uses 'fleet masses' and provided that changes have been correctly documented, this interval is
43 - The standard mass for a child is
44 - If nose wheel moves aft during gear retraction, how will this movement affect the location of the centre of gravity (CG) on the aircraft?
45 - With respect to aeroplane loading in the planning phase, which of the following statements is always correct ?LM = Landing Mass TOM = Take-off MassMTOM = Maximum Take-off Mass ZFM = Zero Fuel MassMZFM = Maximum Zero Fuel Mass DOM = Dry Operating Mass
46 - The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a structural limiting mass. It is made up of the aeroplane Dry Operational mass plus
47 - . The centre of gravity is the
48 - While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aircraft, the term 'Basic Empty Mass' applies to the sum of airframe, engine(s), fixed ballast plus
49 - The floor limit of an aircraft cargo hold is 5 000 N/m2.It is planned to load-up a cubic container measuring 0,4 m of side. It's maximum gross mass must not exceed:(assume g=10m/s 2)
50 - An aircraft basic empty mass is 3000 kg.The maximum take-off, landing, and zero-fuel mass are identical, at 5200 kg. Ramp fuel is 650 kg, the taxi fuel is 50 kg.The maximum traffic load is:
51 - If the centre of gravity is near the forward limit the aeroplane will:
52 - Mass for individual passengers (to be carried on an aircraft) may be determined from a verbal statement by or on behalf of the passengers if the number of
53 - When the centre of gravity is at the forward limit, an aeroplane will be:
54 - Aeroplane Dry Operating mass 85000 kg Performance limited take-off mass 127000 kg Performance limited landing mass 98500 kg Maximum zero fuel mass 89800 kgFuel requirements for flight - Trip fuel 29300 kgContingency and final reserve fuel 3600 kg Alternate fuel 2800 kg.The maximum traffic load that can be carried on this flight is:
55 - For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Operating Mass is considered to be Dry Operating Mass plus
56 - The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 400 US Gallons.If the fuel density (specific gravity) is given as 0.79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is:
57 - An aeroplane is weighed and the following recordings are made: nose wheel assembly scale 5330 kgleft main wheel assembly scale 12370 kg right main wheel assembly scale 12480 kgIf the 'operational items' amount to a mass of 1780 kg with a crew mass of 545 kg, the empty mass, as entered in the weight schedule, is
58 - The maximum certificated take - off mass is:
59 - The aeroplane has a Take Off Mass of 58 000 kg. At this mass the range of safe CG positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:
60 - On an aeroplane with 20 or more seats engaged on an inter-continental flight, the 'standard mass' which may be used for passenger baggage is
61 - . The operating mass of an aeroplane is:
62 - Conversion of fuel volume to mass
63 - . Basic Empty Mass is:
64 - The empty mass of an aircraft is recorded in
65 - Traffic load is the difference between:
66 - The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 3800 US Gallons. If the fuel density (specific gravity) is given as 0.79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is:
67 - The centre of gravity of a body is that point
68 - During take-off you notice that, for a given elevator input, the aeroplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This is an indication that :
69 - Length of the mean aerodynamic chord = 1 m Moment arm of the forward cargo: -0,50 m Moment arm of the aft cargo: + 2,50 mThe aircraft mass is 2 200 kg and its centre of gravity is at 25% MACTo move the centre of gravity to 40%, which mass has to be transferred from the forward to the aft cargo hold?
70 - In determining the Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane it is common practice to use 'standard mass' values for crew. These values are
71 - A load placed aft of the datum:
72 - The total mass of an aircraft is 9000 kg. The centre of gravity (cg) position is at 2.0 m from the datum line. The aft limit for cg is at 2.1 m from the datum line.What mass of cargo must be shifted from the front cargo hold (at 0.8 m from the datum) to the aft hold (at 3.8 m), to move the cg to the aft limit?
73 - In cruise flight, a centre of gravity moving aft will:
74 - Which of the following is most likely to affect the range of centre of gravity positions on an aeroplane?
75 - Given are:- Maximum structural take-off mass: 72 000 kg- Maximum structural landing mass: 56 000 kg- Maximum zero fuel mass: 48 000 kg- Taxi fuel: 800 kg- Trip fuel: 18 000 kg- Contingency fuel: 900 kg- Alternate fuel: 700 kg- Final reserve fuel: 2 000 kgThe actual take-off mass can never be higher than:
76 - Assuming gross mass, altitude and airspeed remain unchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will cause:
77 - Which one of the following is correct?
78 - Calculate the centre of gravity in % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) with following data: Distance datum - centre of gravity: 12.53 mDistance datum - leading edge: 9.63 m Length of MAC: 8 m
79 - From the Loading Manual for the transport aeroplane, the maximum load that can be carried in that section of the aft cargo compartment which has a balance arm centroid at:
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80 - Refer to CAP 696 Fig. 4.11:At the maximum landing mass the range of safe CG positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:
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81 - In mass and balance calculations which of the following describes the datum?
82 - The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aircraft is given as 750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600 kg is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minimum size pallet that can be used?
83 - What mass has to be entered in the loading chart for aviation fuel F 34 if 170 l may be refuelled? (Fuel density = 0.78 kg/l)
84 - When establishing the mass breakdown of an aeroplane, the empty mass is defined as the sum of the:
85 - The Take-off Mass of an aeroplane is 66700 kg which includes a traffic load of 14200 kg and a usable fuel load of 10500 kg. If the standard mass for the crew is 545 kg the Dry Operating Mass is:
86 - Knowing that:. Dry operating mass: 110000 kg. Basic index: 119.1. Number of passengers: 185 distributed as shown in the annex (75 kg per PAX). Cargo load + luggage: 14000 kg distributed as shown in the annex.. Fuel: 42000 kg (Fuel shift -20)Stages ( 1) to (7) and (1 1) having already been calculated, the centre of gravity in % MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) at take-off is located at:
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87 - For a given configuration, the stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded:
88 - An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but is not entered into the load and trim sheet. The aeroplane will be heavier than expected and calculated take-off safety speeds
89 - The term 'Maximum Zero Fuel Mass' consist of:
90 - The operating mass of an aeroplane is:
91 - . For the purpose of aeroplane mass and balance calculations, the datum point is defined as:
92 - A mass of 500 kg is loaded at a station which is located 10 metres behind the present Centre of Gravity and 16 metres behind the datum.(Assume: g=10 m/s^ 2)The moment for that mass used in the loading manifest is:
93 - Given:The take-off mass of an aircraft is 8470 kgTotal fuel on board is 1600 kg including 450 kg reserve fuel and 29 kg of unusable fuel The traffic load is 770 kgWhat is the Zero Fuel Mass?
94 - The Basic Empty Mass is 4800 kg, the Dry Operating Mass is 5050 kg and the Zero Fuel Mass is 6210 kg.If the take-off mass is 8010 kg the useful load is:
95 - At maximum certificated take-off mass an aeroplane departs from an airfield which is not limiting for either take-off or landing masses. During initial climb the number one engine suffers a contained disintegration. An emergency is declared and the aeroplane returns to departure airfield for an immediate landing. The most likely result of this action will be
96 - The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is the mass of the aeroplane with no usable fuel on board. It is a limitation which is:
97 - Allowed traffic load is the difference between:
98 - The empty mass of an aeroplane is given as 44800 kg. Operational items (including crew standard mass of 1060 kg) are 2300 kg. If the maximum zero fuel mass is given as 65500 kg, the maximum traffic load which could be carried is:
99 - The Maximum Certificated Taxi (or Ramp) Mass is that mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded prior to engine start. It is:
100 - Basic Empty Mass is:
101 - The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the:
102 - The Zero Fuel Mass and the Dry Operating Mass
103 - On an aeroplane with a seating capacity of more than 30, it is decided to use standard mass values for computing the total mass of passengers. If the flight is not a holiday charter, the mass value which may be used for an adult is
104 - At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in particular are available for determining the mass of the aircraft:1- Dry operating mass 2- Operating massWhich statement is correct:
105 - By adding to the basic empty mass the following fixed necessary equipment for a specific flight (catering, safety and rescue equipment, fly away kit, crew), we get:
106 - For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Dry Operating Mass is defined as:
107 - . The mass of an item multiplied by it's distance from the datum is it's
108 - An aeroplane's weighing schedule indicates that the empty mass is 57320 kg. The nominal Dry Operating Mass is 60120 kg and the Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is given as 72100 kg. Which of the following is a correct statement in relation to this aeroplane?
109 - In calculations with respect to the position of the centre of gravity a reference is made to a datum. The datum is
110 - From the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, the aft cargo compartment has a maximum total load of:
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111 - A location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known as:
112 - An aeroplane, which is scheduled to fly an oceanic sector, is due to depart from a high altitude airport in the tropics at 1400 local time. The airport has an exceptionally long runway. Which of the following is most likely to be the limiting factor(s) in determining the take - off mass ?
113 - The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 117 000 kg, comprising a traffic load of 18 000 kg and fuel of 46 000 kg. What is the dry operating mass?
114 - To calculate a allowable take-off mass, the factors to be taken into account include:
115 - The datum used for balance calculations is:
116 - The responsibility for determination of the mass of 'operating items' and 'crew members' included within the Dry Operating Mass lies with
117 - Given:Total mass: 7500 kgCentre of gravity (cg) location station: 80.5 Aft cg limit station: 79.5How much cargo must be shifted from the aft cargo compartment at station 150 to the forward cargo compartment at station 30 in order to move the cg location to the aft limit?
118 - The maximum zero fuel mass is a mass limitation for the:
119 - Where is the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in the diagram?
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120 - Loads must be adequately secured in order to: