Test 120 exam questions PPL(A) - Private Pilot License

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Quiz ppl-en 120 questions on 120 minutes

1 - Given the following conditions, the climb speed equals... Outside air temperature: -20° C Pressure altitude: 10000 ft See annex (PFP-011) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 11

200 ft/min 350 ft/min. 390 ft/min 450 ft/min.

2 - Wing tip vortex development begins during which phase of flight? As soon as the aircraft starts moving While setting take-off power during take-off run While setting flaps to lower position When lift is being generated during rotation

3 - What is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency? Critical nervous system Autonomic nervous system Automatical nervous system Compliant nervous system

4 - How much taxi fuel must be consumed before take-off to reduce the aircraft mass to the maximum take-off mass? Maximum ramp mass (MRM): 1150 kg Actual ramp mass: 1148 kg Maximum take-off mass (MTOM): 1145 kg 2 L 3 L 5 L 4 L

5 - What does a readability of 2 indicate? The transmission is readable now and then The transmission is readable but with difficulty The transmission is perfectly readable The transmission is unreadable

6 - Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of... Starting a descent. Starting a climb. Steady turning in the same direction as before Turning into the opposite direction

7 - What does the octane rating or fuel grade describe? Anti-knock rating Flame front speed Ignition timing Combustion temperature

8 - The transponder code in case of a radio communication failure is... 7700 7500 7000 7600

9 - The occurence of a vertigo is most likely when moving the head... During a straight horizontal flight. During a turn. During a descent. During a climb.

10 - At which airspeed do you climb to flight level (FL) 75 after a departure from an airfield which is located at a pressure altitude of 3000 ft with an initial mass of 3000 lbs? OAT at airfield: 25° C OAT in FL 75: 0° C See annex (PFP-023) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 14

90 kt 120 kt 110 kt 100 kt

11 - The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm. The pilot should follow a QDM of... See figure (NAV-019) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 6

080°. 200°. 260°. 230°.

12 - A wind shear is... A slow increase of the wind speed in altitudes above 13000 ft. A wind speed change of more than 15 kt. A vertical or horizontal change of wind speed and wind direction A meteorological downslope wind phenomenon in the alps

13 - Given values: Calculated take-off mass = 746 kg calculated CG = 37.1 cm fuel burn = 30.5 l on station 45 cm. Where is the CG situated after the landing? 37.2 cm 37.5 cm 36.3 cm 36.9 cm

14 - The term "center of gravity" is defined as... The heaviest point on an aeroplane. Half the distance between the neutral point and the datum line. Another designation for the neutral point The point at which the total mass of the aeroplane is considered to act.

15 - Pressure drag, interference drag and friction drag belong to the group of the... Induced drag Parasite drag. Main resistance Total drag

16 - What is the meaning of "risky shift"? Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final The tendency to accept higher risks in groups Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope Seat adjustment in flight

17 - How are the flight controls on a small single-engine piston aircraft normally controlled and actuated? Power-assisted through hydraulic pumps or electric motors Hydraulically through hydraulic pumps and actuators Manually through rods and control cables Electrically through fly-by-wire

18 - Given: Calibrated airspeed (CAS): 155 kt. Flight level (FL) 80. Outside air temperature (OAT): +15° C. The true airspeed (TAS) equals... 155 kts. 170 kts 180 kts 134 kts.

19 - The barometric altimeter with QNH setting indicates... Height above standard pressure 1013.25 hPa Height above the pressure level at airfield elevation True altitude above MSL. Height above MSL.

20 - Point number 5 in the figure indicates which flight state? See figure (PFA-008) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 5

Best gliding angle Slow flight Stall Inverted flight

21 - Why is it dangerous to pump the throttle for engine start in cold weather? It may cause a carburettor fire Carburettor icing can occur The engine might start with not enough power The oil will become diluted

22 - What kind of information should be included in an urgency message? Nature of problem or observation, important information for support, departure aerodrome, information about position, heading and altitude Intended routing, important information for support, intentions of the pilot, information about position, departure aerodrome, heading and altitude Nature of problem or observation, important information for support, intentions of the pilot, information about position, heading and altitude Intended routing, important information for support, intentions of the pilot, departure aerodrome, destination aerodrome, heading and altitude

23 - What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions? Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms

24 - The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called... Constant flight check. Situational thinking. Anticipatory check procedure. Situational awareness

25 - The change in pitch at a propeller blade from the root to the tip ensures... That the most thrust is produced at the blade tip That the most thrust is produced at the blade root A nearly constant load by a constant effective angle of attack over the entire length of the blade. The largest possible angle of attack at the blade tip

26 - When is it necessary to adjust the pressure in the reference scale of an alitimeter? Before every flight and during cross country flights Every day before the first flight Once a month before flight operation After maintance has been finished

27 - What ist the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor? Reduction Virulence Coherence Reflex

28 - Which of the following options states a correct position report? DEABC reaching "N" DEABC over "N" in FL 2500 ft DEABC, "N", 2500 ft DEABC over "N" at 35

29 - The differenz between indicated DME slant range and horizontal distance from the DME station increases... When circling around the DME station When descending When departing the DME station When approaching the DME station

30 - A flight is called a "visual flight", if the... Visibility in flight is more than 8 km. Flight is conducted under visual flight rules. Visibility in flight is more than 5 km. Flight is conducted in visual meteorological conditions.

31 - In which outside air temperature is icing most likely? Between -5° C and +20° C Between -10° C and +10° C Between -20° C and +5° C Between -15° C and 0° C

32 - What is the meaning of an area marked as "TMZ"? Transportation Management Zone Touring Motorglider Zone Traffic Management Zone Transponder Mandatory Zone

33 - May an engine, which previously was on fire, be restarted? No, the risk of a reignition of the fire would be too high Yes, if the aircraft is flying at a safe altitude Yes, but only on the ground for the purpose of taxiing Yes, but only if the cause of the fire was a carburettor fire during engine start

34 - Information about pressure patterns and frontal situation can be found in which chart? Wind chart. Surface weather chart. Significant Weather Chart (SWC). Hypsometric chart.

35 - Which transponder code has to be set unrequested during an emergency? 7600 7000 7700 7500

36 - Which of the following frequencies is designated for VHF voice communication? 120.50 MHz 115.15 MHz 108.80 MHz 117.30 kHz

37 - What is the difference between primary and secondary radar? The pulses of a primary radar are variably pulse-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically amplitude-modulated The pulses of a primary radar are variably amplitude-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically pulse-modulated The primary radar is displayed on a computer screen, the secondary radar on a radar strip The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft's surface, the pulses of a secondary radar system are answered by a transponder

38 - A VHF direction finder (VDF) can determine... Slant ranges Magnetic bearings. Approach speeds True courses

39 - Which effect does a decreasing airspeed have on the induced drag during a horizontal and stable cruise flight? The induced drag will increase The induced drag will collapse The induced drag will remain constant The induced drag will slightly decrease

40 - How should a landing on a contaminated runway be conducted if it proves to be inevitable? Approach with the minimum crosswind component possible, use minimum flaps, touch down softly with positive pitch and minimum speed, do not apply brakes Approach with the minimum crosswind component possible, use maximum flaps, touch down with negative pitch and minimum speed, brake carefully Approach with the minimum crosswind component possible, use maximum flaps, touch down firmly with minimum speed, brake carefully Approach with the minimum crosswind component possible, use minimum flaps, touch down softly with minimum speed, do not apply brakes

41 - A flight level is a... Pressure altitude. Density altitude Altitude above ground True altitude.

42 - In what situation is it appropriate to set the transponder code 7600? Hijacking Emergency Flight into clouds Loss of radio

43 - Which kind of engine is susceptible to carburettor fire? Piston engines Turbine engines Electric motors Turboprop engines

44 - Which statement about the airflow around an aerofoil is correct if the angle of attack decreases? The center of pressure moves aft The stagnation point remains constant The stagnation point moves down The center of pressure moves forward

45 - What has to be done before entering a TMZ? Switch on the transponder and activate mode A and C or mode S Request a clearance before entering Switch on the transponder, activate mode A, and squawk "IDENT" File a flight plan before the flight

46 - What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? 250 hPa 300 hPa 1013.25 hPa 500 hPa

47 - Under which circumstances may a runway be considered to be contaminated? When more than 25 % of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered by water, slush, snow or ice more than 3 mm deep When 75 % of the required runway length and width are covered by contaminants such as snow, frost, ice or sand When more than 50 % of the runway surface area within the required length and width being used is covered by water, slush, snow or ice more than 3 mm deep When more than 50 % of the required runway length and width are covered by contaminants such as snow, frost, ice or sand

48 - In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment? During a light and slow climb All windows are completely closed Breathing takes place using the mouth only The eustachien tube is blocked

49 - What must be considered if the alternator fails in a helicopter? All instruments and warning systems will fail No change as long as the battery provides enough power The engine runs roughly and is prone to knocking Only high power consumers will failing

50 - What is meant by "inversion layer"? An atmospheric layer where temperature decreases with increasing height A boundary area between two other layers within the atmosphere An atmospheric layer with constant temperature with increasing height An atmospheric layer where temperature increases with increasing height

51 - What visual flight conditions can be expected after the passage of a cold front? Scattered cloud layers, visbility more than 5 km, formation of shallow cumulus clouds Good visiblity, formation of cumulus clouds with showers of rain or snow Medium visibility with lowering cloud bases, onset of prolonged precipitation Poor visibility, formation of overcast or ground-covering stratus clouds, snow

52 - The term "flight time" is defined as... The period from the start of the take-off run to the final touchdown when landin The total time from the first aircraft movement until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight. The period from engine start for the purpose of taking off to leaving the aircraft after engine shutdown.  the total time f The period from engine start for the purpose of taking off to leaving the aircraft after engine shutdown.  the total time f

53 - What is the meaning of a flashing green light signal at a controlled aerodrome directed to an aircraft in flight? Return for landing, followed by steady green at the appropriate time Cleared to land Give way to other aircraft and continue circling Airport unsafe, do not land

54 - A transponder with the ability to send the current pressure level is a... Pressure-decoder. Mode C or S transponder Mode A transponder. Transponder approved for airspace "B".

55 - What is the meaning of "DETRESFA"? Uncertainty phase Uncertainty phase Distress phase Alerting phase

56 - The drag coefficient... Increases with increasing airspeed. Is proportional to the lift coefficient. Cannot be lower than a non-negative, minimal value. May range from zero to an infinite positive value

57 - The term "datum" with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines... The point on the lateral axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced. The point on the vertical axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced. The point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced. The distance from the reference plane to the center of gravity of an aircraft.

58 - What does a cloud coverage of "SCT" mean in a METAR weather report? 1 to 2 eighths 8 eighths 3 to 4 eighths 5 to 7 eighths

59 - Which dangerous attitudes are often combined? Macho and invulnerability Impulsivity and carefulness Invulnerability and self-abandonment Self-abandonment and macho

60 - What is the primary purpose of an aircraft accident investigation? To Determine the guilty party and draw legal consequences To clarify questions of liability within the meaning of compensation for passengers To identify the reasons and work out safety recommendations To work for the public prosecutor and help to follow-up flight accidents

61 - An aeroplane's current supply is carried out by the: 1. Battery 2. Generator 3. Relay 4. Circuit breaker 1 and 4 3 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 2

62 - What is the true airspeed (TAS) [kt] and fuel consumption [l/h] for cruise flight with 70 % power in flight level 60 under the following conditions? Temperature: ISA - 20° C QNH: 980 hPa See annex (PFP-012) (2,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 10

110 kt. 23.9 l/h. 100 kt. 19.3 l/h. 95 kt. 19.6 l/h. 105 kt. 21.5 l/h

63 - The term 'isogonal' or 'isogonic line' is defined as a line on an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the same value of... Inclination Deviation Heading Variation

64 - In which way may an altimeter subscale which is set to an incorrect QNH lead to an incorrect altimeter reading? If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too high. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a lower than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much closer proximity to the ground than intended If the subscale is set to a higher than actual pressure, the indication is too low. This may lead to much greater heights above the ground than intended

65 - What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed The direction of the approach path has changed The true direction of the runway alignment has changed

66 - What is the gas composition of "air"? Oxygen 21 % Water vapour 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % Oxygen 78 % Water vapour 21 % Nitrogen 1 % Nitrogen 21 % Oxygen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 % Oxygen 21 % Nitrogen 78 % Noble gases / carbon dioxide 1 %

67 - What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time? Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground Good visibility, some isolated high clouds Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms

68 - Which phrase does a pilot use when he / she wants to check the readability of his / her transmission? What is the communication like? How do you read? Request readability You read me five

69 - In which way should a pilot confirm received light signals in flight? Apply some changes of RPM Apply some changes of the rudder Rock the wings (in the daytime) Apply some fast pitch changes

70 - Where is the aircraft located in relation to the VOR? See annex (NAV-022) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 7

Northeast Southeast Southwest Northwest

71 - Which climb speed may be used to optimize the rate of climb (e.g. to reach a desired altitude within minimum time)? Vy, the best angle of climb speed Vy, the best rate of climb speed Vx, the best rate of climb speed Vx, the best angle of climb speed

72 - The center of gravity (CG) defines... The point on the longitudinal axis or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced. The point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass. The distance from the datum to the position of a mass. The product of mass and balance arm.

73 - Immediately after lift-off, a microburst is entered inadvertently. Which action might avoid an unintentional descent? Immediately after lift-off, a microburst is entered inadvertently. Which action might avoid an unintentional descent? Set maximum power, retract landing gear and flaps, pick up speed and perform a left or a right turn in an attempt to leave the area of the microburst on the shortest way Set maximum power, retract landing gear and flaps, increase pitch until attaining optimum climb speed Set maximum power, maintain present aircraft configuration, pick up speed in an attempt to leave the area of the microburst as fast as possible

74 - In comparison to the true airspeed in still air conditions, the TAS in a strong tailwind will be... The same for maximum range Significantly lower for maximum endurance Slightly lower for maximum range Slightly higher for maximum endurance

75 - At what rate does the temperature change with increasing height according to ISA (ICAO Standard Atmosphere) within the troposphere? Decreases by 2° C / 1000 ft Increases by 2° C / 1000 ft Decreases by 2° C / 100 m Increases by 2° C / 100 m

76 - Which altitude is displayed on the altimeter when set to a specific QFE? Altitude in relation to the 1013.25 hPa datum Altitude in relation to the air pressure at the reference airfield Altitude in relation to the highest elevation within 10 km Altitude in relation to mean sea level

77 - What cloud sequence can typically be observed during the passage of a warm front? In coastal areas during daytime wind from the coast and forming of cumulus clouds, dissipation of clouds during evening and night Wind becoming calm, dissipation of clouds and warming during summer; formation of extended high fog layers during winter Squall line with showers of rain and thunderstorms (Cb), gusting wind followed by cumulus clouds with isolated showers of rain Cirrus, thickening altostratus and altocumulus clouds, lowering cloud base with rain, nimbostratus

78 - An aerodrome beacon (ABN) is a... Rotating beacon installed at an airport or aerodrome to indicate its location to aircraft pilots from the ground. Rotating beacon installed at the beginning of the final approach to indicate its location to aircraft pilots from the air. Rotating beacon installed at an airport or aerodrome to indicate its location to aircraft pilots from the air. Fixed beacon installed at an airport or aerodrome to indicate its location to aircraft pilots from the air.

79 - Where can the type of restriction for a restricted airspace be found? NOTAM AIC ICAO chart 1:500000 AIP

80 - Which method is appropriate to approach an unprepared landing field? Flat direct approach to ensure visual ground contact Steep approach to keep the noise level low Fast approach, performance check, and landing within a quick stop Terrain investigation to determine approach points and landing

81 - The red marking at the end of the yellow arc (5) indicates which airspeed? See figure (PFP-008) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 8

VNO: Maximum speed for normal operations VFE: Maximum flap extended speed VS1: Stall speed with flaps up VNE: Never-exceed speed

82 - What should be considered regarding a scheduled flight over water, when land cannot be reached in case of an emergency landing? Transponder code 7600 has to be set during the whole flight Contact to the nearest ATC shall consist during the whole flight For all passengers there must be life jackets or lifeboats present The flight plan has to contain the exact waypoints

83 - The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... WCA Deviation Variation Inclination

84 - Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia? The oltfactory perception (smell) The tactile perception (sense of touch) The auditory perception (hearing) The visual perception (vision)

85 - What is indicated by a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the centerline of a runway? At this point the glide path of an ILS hits the runway Do not touch down before them Do not touch down behind them A ground roll could be started from this position

86 - Which of the following factors affects the reception of VHF transmissions? Altitude Shoreline effect Twilight error Height of ionosphere

87 - An aircraft in the northern hemisphere intends to turn on the shortest way from a heading of 360° to a heading of 270°. At approximately which indication of the magnetic compass should the turn be terminated? 300° 360° 240° 270°

88 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Fuel or hydraulic fluids. Generator failure. Cracks in the heat exchanger. Pitot icing.

89 - The distance from 'A' to 'B' measures 120 NM. At a distance of 55 NM from 'A' the pilot realizes a deviation of 7 NM to the right. What approximate course change must be made to reach 'B' directly? 8° left 6° left 15° left 14° left

90 - Which transponder code indicates a loss of radio communication? 2000 7700 7000 7600

91 - Which phrase is to be used when a pilot wants the tower to know that he is ready for take-off? Ready for start-up Ready for departure Request take-off Ready

92 - What is the meaning of the phrase "Correction"? Permission for proposed action is granted An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is... I have received all of your last transmission I understand your message and will comply with it

93 - During a VFR flight the remaining usable fuel at a checkpoint is 80 USG. Reserve fuel is 20 USG, remaining flight time according to flight plan is 2h 20min. What is the highest acceptable fuel flow (FF) for the rest of the trip? FF = 8.6 USG/h FF = 42.9 USG/h FF = 25.7 USG/h FF = 34.3 USG/h

94 - The altimeter's reference scale is set to airfield pressure (QFE). What indication is shown during the flight? Pressure altitude Height above airfield Airfield elevation Altitude above MSL

95 - In what case is visibility transmitted in meters? Up to 5 km Greater than 10 km Greater than 5 km Up to 10 km

96 - What is the meaning of a flashing green light signal at a controlled aerodrome directed to an aircraft on ground? Cleared to taxi Return to starting point Land at this airport and proceed to the apron Cleared for take-off

97 - Which curve represents the induced drag? See Appendix (PFA-011)

1 4 2 3

98 - A Pre-Flight Information Bulletin (PIB) is a presentation of current... ICAO information of operational significance prepared after the flight AIP information of operational significance prepared prior to flight. AIC information of operational significance prepared after the flight. NOTAM information of operational significance prepared prior to flight.

99 - What effects typically result from propeller icing? Reduced power output, decreasing RPM Increased power output, decreasing RPM. Increased power output, increasing RPM. Reduced power output, increasing RPM.

100 - The possession of a european PPL(A) entitles the holder to... Act as pilot on a commercial flight when there are at most 4 people on board. Act as pilot in commercial and non-commercial flights with single engine aircraft. Act as PIC, and only for flights in aircraft with a MTOW of maximum 2000 kg a compensation may be obtained. Act as PIC on non-commercial flights without compensation as well as to receive compensation as a flight instrucor.

101 - What is the unit for voltage? Ampere Watt Ohm Volt

102 - Compared to trailing edge flaps, leading edge devices like Slots... Reduce the critical angle of attack at a given speed. Allow higher speeds at take-off and landing Produce less drag while allowing a higher angle of attack. Increase the camber and allow a lower angle of attack.

103 - About how many axes does an aircraft move and how are these axes called? 4; optical axis, imaginary axis, sagged axis, axis of evil 4; vertical axis, lateral axis, longitudinal axis, axis of speed 3; x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 3; vertical axis, lateral axis, longitudinal axis

104 - SIGMET warnings are issued for... Specific routings. Airports FIRs / UIRs Countries

105 - What can be expected for the prevailling wind with isobars on a surface weather chart showing large distances? Strong pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind Strong pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind Low pressure gradients resulting in strong prevailling wind Low pressure gradients resulting in low prevailling wind

106 - Leaving a control frequency (except when reaching the final parking position)... Is not mandatory to be reported Must be approved twice Must be approved. Must be reported.

107 - Which statement about a rhumb line is correct? A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle. The center of a complete cycle of a rhumb line is always the Earth's center. The shortest track between two points along the Earth's surface follows a rhumb line A rhumb line is a great circle intersecting the the equator with 45° angle.

108 - In which situations should a pilot use blind transmissions? When no radio communication can be established with the appropriate aeronautical station, but when evidence exists that transmissions are received at that ground unit When a pilot has flown into cloud or fog unintentionally and therefore would like to request navigational assistance from a ground unit When a transmission containing important navigational or technical information is to be sent to several stations at the same time When the traffic situation at an airport allows the transmission of information which does not need to be acknowledged by the ground station

109 - What is the minimum flight visibility in airspace "C" at and above FL 100 for an aircraft operating under VFR? 1.5 km 5 km 10 km 8 km

110 - What kind of hydraulic oil is used in aeroplane systems today? Mineral oil Vegetable oi Bio-oil Synthetic oil

111 - Which of the following options are possible SSR-Transponder modes? A, C, S A, C, R B, C, V B, R, S

112 - Visual illusions are mostly caused by... Rapid eye movements. Misinterpretation of the brain. Colour blindness. Binocular vision.

113 - Which parts of an aircraft mainly affect the generation of induced drag? The front part of the fuselage. The wing tips The lower part of the gear. The outer part of the ailerons

114 - Which answer contains every state of water found in the atmosphere? Liquid and solid Liquid, solid, and gaseous Gaseous and liquid Liquid

115 - The temperature lapse rate with increasing height within the troposphere according ISA is... 0,65° C / 100 m 3° C / 100 m. 1° C / 100 m 0,6° C / 100 m.

116 - After take-off an aeroplane gets into a wind shear with decreasing headwind. As a result... The aeroplane flies above the estimated climb path The true airspeed (TAS) will increase The ground speed (GS) will decrease The aeroplane flies below the estimated climb path.

117 - Given the following data: Take-Off fuel = 200 lbs Alternate fuel = 40 lbs Final reserve fuel = 30 lbs After 25 minutes the remaining fuel is 120 lbs. Assuming that fuel flow will remain unchanged, the remaining time to the destination should not exceed: 37.5 min 20.0 min 15.6 min 59.4 min

118 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are TH and VAR? TH: 194°. VAR: 004° W TH: 194°. VAR: 004° E TH: 172°. VAR: 004° W TH: 172°. VAR: 004° E

119 - Which type of ice forms by very small water droplets and ice crystals hitting the front surfaces of an aircraft? Clear ice Mixed ice Hoar frost Rime ice

120 - The pressure at MSL in ISA conditions is... 113.25 hPa. 15 hPa. 1013.25 hPa 1123 hPa.

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PPL(A) - Private Pilot License Exam Simulation

Quiz ppl-en 120 questions on 120 minutes