Exam quiz Human factor and limitations - EASA PPL(A) - Private Pilot License

Question 1

What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Blood coagulation

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Question 2

At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? See figure (HPL-002) P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress

Accepted Answer

Point D

Answer

Point B

Answer

Point C

Answer

Point A

Question 3

Anemic hypoxia can be caused by...

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide poisoning.

Answer

Low pressure.

Answer

High altitudes.

Answer

Alcohol.

Question 4

Which altitude marks the lower limit where the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

12000 feet

Answer

22000 feet

Answer

5000 feet

Answer

7000 feet

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Diving

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Menstruation

Answer

Blood donation

Question 6

What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot?

Accepted Answer

Extroverted - stable

Answer

Introverted - unstable

Answer

Introverted - stable

Answer

Extroverted - unstable

Question 7

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by...

Accepted Answer

Smoking.

Answer

Little sleep.

Answer

Alcohol.

Answer

Unhealthy food.

Question 8

What is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Oxygen transport

Answer

Blood coagulation

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Question 9

What is a latent error?

Accepted Answer

An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time

Answer

An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously

Answer

An error which only has consequences after landing

Answer

An error which has an immediate effect on the controls

Question 10

An acceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of...

Accepted Answer

A climb.

Answer

A descent.

Answer

An inverted flight.

Answer

A bank.

Question 11

A deceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of...

Accepted Answer

A descent.

Answer

A climb.

Answer

A bank.

Answer

An inverted flight.

Question 12

What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope?

Accepted Answer

An overshoot

Answer

A landing beside the centerline

Answer

A hard landing

Answer

An undershoot

Question 13

Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds

Answer

It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds

Answer

It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds

Answer

It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes

Question 14

What is an indication for a macho attitude?

Accepted Answer

Risky flight maneuvers to impress spectators on ground

Answer

Careful walkaround procedure

Answer

Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations

Answer

Quick resignation in complex and critical situations

Question 15

Which of the following is responsible for the blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Blood plates (thrombocytes)

Answer

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Answer

Capillaries of the arteries

Answer

White blood cells (leucocytes)

Question 16

The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? See figure (HPL-002) P = Performance A = Arousal / Stress

Accepted Answer

Point C

Answer

Point A

Answer

Point D

Answer

Point B

Question 17

Which answer is correct concerning stress?

Accepted Answer

Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem

Answer

Training and experience have no influence on the occurrence of stress

Answer

Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety

Answer

Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner

Question 18

Which of the following options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)?

Accepted Answer

Non-accelerated straight and level flight

Answer

Head movements during turns

Answer

Flying under the influence of alcohol

Answer

Turbulence in level flight

Question 19

In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately?

Accepted Answer

Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept

Answer

Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer

Answer

Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude

Answer

Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce

Question 20

Complacency is a risk due to...

Accepted Answer

Increased cockpit automation.

Answer

The high number of mistakes normally made by humans.

Answer

The high error rate of technical systems.

Answer

Better training options for young pilots.

Question 21

Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks?

Accepted Answer

Due to group-dynamic effects

Answer

If there is not enough information available

Answer

During check flights due to a high level of nervousness

Answer

During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast

Question 22

For what approximate time period can the short-term memory store information?

Accepted Answer

10 to 20 seconds

Answer

35 to 50 seconds

Answer

30 to 40 seconds

Answer

3 to 7 seconds

Question 23

What is the meaning of "risky shift"?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to accept higher risks in groups

Answer

Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final

Answer

Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope

Answer

Seat adjustment in flight

Question 24

The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called...

Accepted Answer

Eustachian tube.

Answer

Eardrum.

Answer

Cochlea.

Answer

Inner ear.

Question 25

What does the term "Red-out" mean?

Accepted Answer

"Red vision" during negative g-loads

Answer

Rash during decompression sickness

Answer

Anaemia caused by an injury

Answer

Falsified colour perception during sunrise and sunset

Question 26

The majority of aviation accidents are caused by...

Accepted Answer

Human failure.

Answer

Technical failure.

Answer

Meteorological influences.

Answer

Geographical influences.

Question 27

At which altitude is the atmospheric pressure approximately half the MSL value (1013 hPa)?

Accepted Answer

18000 ft

Answer

5000 ft

Answer

10000 ft

Answer

22000 ft

Question 28

Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach?

Accepted Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too high and therefore descends below the regular glide slope

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too fast and reduces the speed below the normal approach speed

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too slow and speeds up above the normal approach speed

Answer

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too low and therefore approaches the runway above the regular glide slope

Question 29

Visual illusions are mostly caused by...

Accepted Answer

Misinterpretation of the brain.

Answer

Rapid eye movements.

Answer

Colour blindness.

Answer

Binocular vision.

Question 30

What is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)?

Accepted Answer

Blood coagulation

Answer

Immune defense

Answer

Blood sugar regulation

Answer

Oxygen transport

Question 31

Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots?

Accepted Answer

Non-polarised

Answer

No UV filter

Answer

Curved sidepiece

Answer

Unbreakable

Question 32

Which answer states a risk factor for diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Overweight

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Sleep deficiency

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Question 33

The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately...

Accepted Answer

0.01 percent.

Answer

0.1 percent.

Answer

0.03 percent.

Answer

0.3 percent.

Question 34

What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable?

Accepted Answer

Adjust cabin temperature and prevent excessive bank

Answer

Give additional oxygen and avoid low load factors

Answer

Avoid conversation and choose a higher airspeed

Answer

Switch on the heater blower and provide thermal blankets

Question 35

A risk factor for decompression sickness is...

Accepted Answer

Scuba diving prior to flight.

Answer

Smoking.

Answer

Sports.

Answer

100 % oxygen after decompression.

Question 36

What is the parallax error?

Accepted Answer

Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision

Answer

Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night

Answer

Misperception of speed during taxiing

Answer

A decoding error in communication between pilots

Question 37

The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called...

Accepted Answer

Situational awareness.

Answer

Constant flight check.

Answer

Situational thinking.

Answer

Anticipatory check procedure.

Question 38

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 6000 ft?

Accepted Answer

21 %

Answer

12 %

Answer

78 %

Answer

18.9 %

Question 39

The occurrence of a vertigo is most likely when moving the head...

Accepted Answer

During a turn.

Answer

During a straight horizontal flight.

Answer

During a descent.

Answer

During a climb.

Question 40

A Grey-out is the result of...

Accepted Answer

Positive g-forces

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Tiredness

Answer

Hyperventilation

Question 41

In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment?

Accepted Answer

The Eustachian tube is blocked

Answer

During a light and slow climb

Answer

All windows are completely closed

Answer

Breathing takes place using the mouth only

Question 42

What is the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor?

Accepted Answer

Reflex

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Virulence

Answer

Coherence

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Tingling

Answer

Spasm

Answer

Disturbance of consciousness

Question 44

What is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

78 %

Answer

1 %

Answer

21 %

Answer

0.1 %

Question 45

What is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Critical nervous system

Answer

Automatical nervous system

Answer

Compliant nervous system

Question 46

Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

The visual perception (vision)

Answer

The olfactory perception (smell)

Answer

The tactile perception (sense of touch)

Answer

The auditory perception (hearing)

Question 47

From which altitude on does the body usually react to the decreasing atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

7000 feet

Answer

2000 feet

Answer

10000 feet

Answer

12000 feet

Question 48

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails

Answer

Joint pain in knees and feet

Answer

Muscle cramps in the upper body area

Answer

Blue marks all over the body

Question 49

Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3, 4

Answer

2, 4

Answer

1

Answer

1, 2, 3

Question 50

Which dangerous attitudes are often combined?

Accepted Answer

Macho and invulnerability

Answer

Impulsivity and carefulness

Answer

Invulnerability and self-abandonment

Answer

Self-abandonment and macho

Question 51

Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. What is the approximate percentage of other gases?

Accepted Answer

1 %

Answer

0.1 %

Answer

78 %

Answer

21 %

Question 52

The "swiss cheese model" can be used to explain the...

Accepted Answer

Error chain.

Answer

Procedure for an emergency landing.

Answer

Optimal problem solution.

Answer

State of readiness of a pilot.

Question 53

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by...

Accepted Answer

Cracks in the heat exchanger.

Answer

Fuel or hydraulic fluids.

Answer

Generator failure.

Answer

Pitot icing.

Question 54

Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured?

Accepted Answer

By the use of radio phraseology

Answer

By using radios certified for aviation use only

Answer

By the use of proper headsets

Answer

By a particular frequency allocation

Question 55

Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of...

Accepted Answer

Turning into the opposite direction.

Answer

Starting a descent.

Answer

Starting a climb.

Answer

Steady turning in the same direction as before.

Question 56

Which factor can lead to human error?

Accepted Answer

The bias to see what we expect to see

Answer

Double check of relevant actions

Answer

Proper use of checklists

Answer

To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous

Question 57

Which part of the visual system is responsible for colour vision?

Accepted Answer

Cones

Answer

Rods

Answer

Macula

Answer

Blind spot

Question 58

What does the term "confirmation bias" mean?

Accepted Answer

The preference to find arguments to proof the own mental model

Answer

The feedback loop in a closed communication

Answer

The bias to confirm each radio call

Answer

The critical check of ambiguous situations in flight

Exam simulation Human factor and limitations EASA PPL(A) - Private Pilot License

Exam simulation EASA PPL(A) EN Human factor and limitations 120 questions on 120 minutes