Test 120 exam questions on Navigation for PPL(A)

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1 - Which instantaneous information can be obtained from ground radar equipment? Distance and direction Airspeed (TAS) and distance Airspeed (TAS) and heading Direction and airspeed (TAS)

2 - The distance measuring equipment (DME) determines the distance based on the principle of... Time measurement. Doppler. Laser measurement. Phase comparison.

3 - Non-directional beacons (NDBs) transmit within which frequency band? Very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) Low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF) High frequency (HF) Very high frequency (VHF)

4 - What is the radial from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

024° 204° 248° 068°

5 - Given: True course from A to B: 352°. Ground distance: 100 NM. GS: 107 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0933 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... 1129 UTC. 1029 UTC. 1146 UTC 1045 UTC.

6 - Given: WCA: -012°; TH: 125°; MC: 139°; DEV: 002°E What are: TC, MH und CH? TC: 113°. MH: 127°. CH: 129°. TC: 137°. MH: 127°. CH: 125°. TC: 137°. MH: 139°. CH: 125°. TC: 113°. MH: 139°. CH: 129°.

7 - The transponder code in case of a radio communication failure is... 7700 7500 7000 7600

8 - A distance of 7.5 cm on an aeronautical chart represents a distance of 60.745 NM in reality. What is the chart scale? 1 : 500000 1 : 1 000000 1 : 150000 1 : 1500000

9 - The term 'isogonal' or 'isogonic line' is defined as a line on an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the same value of... Inclination Deviation Heading Variation

10 - The distance between two airports is 220 NM. On an aeronautical navigation chart the pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance. The chart scale is... 1 : 250000. 1 : 2000000. 1 : 500000 1 : 1000000.

11 - What is meant by the term "terrestrial navigation"? Orientation by ground celestial object during visual flight Orientation by ground features during visual flight Orientation by GPS during visual flight Orientation by instrument readings during visual flight

12 - What is the required flight time for a distance of 236 NM with a ground speed of 134 kt? 1:34 h 0:46 h 1:46 h 0:34 h

13 - The shoreline effect is greatest with radio wave propagation... At a right angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft At an acute angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft. At an acute angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft. At a right angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.

14 - Given: QDM: 138° VAR: 10° E The QUJ equals... 168° 318°. 328°. 148°.

15 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The groundspeed (GS) equals... 172 kt 159 kt. 155 kt. 168 kt.

16 - When using a GPS for tracking to the next waypoint, a deviation indication is shown by a vertical bar and dots to the left and to the right of the bar. What statement describes the correct interpretation of the display? The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection is +-10°. The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection is +-10 NM. The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.

17 - Given: Ground speed (GS): 160 kt. True course (TC): 177°. Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt. The true heading (TH) equals... 169°. 173° 184° 180°.

18 - An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +11°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... 6500 ft. 7000 ft. 6750 ft. 6250 ft.

19 - The aircraft is on radial... See annex (NAV-024) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 8

066°. 234°. 060°. 246°.

20 - Given: True course: 120°. TAS: 120 kt. Wind: 150°/12 kt. The WCA equals... 6° to the right. 3° to the left. 3° to the right. 6° to the left.

21 - The DME reading is a... Ground distance. Air range Radial distance. Slant range.

22 - The approximate propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is... 300000 km/s 300000 m/s. 300000 NM/s 300000 ft/s.

23 - What ground features should preferrably be used for orientation during visual flight? Border lines Farm tracks and creeks Power lines Rivers, railroads, highway

24 - What is the difference between primary and secondary radar? The pulses of a primary radar are variably pulse-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically amplitude-modulated The pulses of a primary radar are variably amplitude-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically pulse-modulated The primary radar is displayed on a computer screen, the secondary radar on a radar strip The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft's surface, the pulses of a secondary radar system are answered by a transponder

25 - Where is the aircraft located in relation to the VOR? See annex (NAV-022) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 7

Northeast Southeast Southwest Northwest

26 - An aircraft is flying with an indicated airspeed (IAS) of 150 kt at 8000 ft MSL. According to the rule of thumb, the true airspeed (TAS) equals... 174 kt. 150 kt 142 kt. 208 kt

27 - Which of the items on the attached checklist are related to the direct reading compass? See annex (NAV-004) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 2

"Turning Instruments" only "Gyro" and "Circuit Breaker" "Gyro" and "Turning Instruments" "Turning Instruments" and "Circuit Breaker"

28 - 1000 ft equal... 30 km 3000 m. 300 m. 30 m.

29 - Which approximate, geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation systems? Sphere of ecliptical shape Ellipsoid Perfect sphere Flat plate

30 - Given: QTE: 229° VAR: 10° W The QDM equals... 039° 059° 239° 049°

31 - Radio waves within the LF and MF range (e.g. NDB) travel as... Sky wave. Sky wave and as ground / surface wave Ground / surface wave. Space wave (quasi-optical).

32 - When transmitter and receiver are moving towards each other... The frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant The perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency The perceived frequency increases The perceived frequency decreases.

33 - The term 'True Course' (TC) is defined as... Tthe angle between magnetic north and the course line. The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole. The angle between true north and the course line The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole

34 - The progress of an electromagnetic oscillation can be described by the... Phase angle Amplitude angle. Wave angle. Frequency angle.

35 - An aircraft travels 110 NM within 01:25. The ground speed (GS) equals... 120 km/h. 160 km/h 86 kt. 78 kt.

36 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The wind correction angle (WCA) equals... +5° + 11° - 7° - 9°

37 - Given: QTE: 203° VAR: 10° E The QDR equals... 023°. 213° 193°. 013°.

38 - Given: True course: 255°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 200°/10 kt. The true heading equals... 245° 275°. 265° 250°.

39 - Radio waves within the VHF range (e.g. VOR) travel as... Sky wave and ground / surface wave. Ground / surface wave. Sky wave. Space wave (quasi-optical).

40 - Where are the two polar circles? At a latitude of 20.5°S and 20.5°N 23.5° north and south of the poles 23.5° north and south of the equator 20.5° south of the poles

41 - Given: QDM: 248° VAR: 10° W The QTE is... 238°. 078° 058°. 258°.

42 - Given: QDR: 022° VAR: 10° E The QTE equals... 212°. 202° 052°. 032°.

43 - The rotational axis of the Earth runs through the... Geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole. Geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole. Magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole Magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole

44 - The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm. The pilot should follow a QDM of... See figure (NAV-019) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 6

080°. 200°. 260°. 230°.

45 - The term QTE means... Magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft. Magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station True bearing from the station to the aircraft. True bearing from the aircraft to the station.

46 - The circumference of the Earth at the equator is approximately... See figure (NAV-002) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 1

10800 km. 40000 NM. 12800 km 21600 NM.

47 - Which are the official basic units for horizontal distances used in aeronautical navigation and their abbreviations? Feet (ft), inches (in) Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km) Yards (yd), meters (m) Land miles (SM), sea miles (NM)

48 - A pilot receives a QDR of 315° from the VDF ground station. Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? Northwest Northeast Southeast Southwest

49 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The wind correction angle (WCA) equals... 7° left. 3° right 3° left 7° right.

50 - An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 120 kt and experiences 35 kt tailwind. How much time is needed for a distance of 185 NM? 1 h 32 min 0 h 50 min 1 h 12 min 2 h 11 min

51 - The range of a VOR is affected by... Daylight interference Reflected sky waves. Multipath propagation of the ground wave Transmitter and receiver altitude.

52 - What is the difference between a locator beacon and a non-directional beacon (NDB)? Locator beacons transmit more precisely Locator beacons have a higher range than NDBs Locator beacons transmit on request only Locator beacons have a lower range than NDBs

53 - Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The flight time equals... 62 Min 37 Min. 48 Min. 84 Min

54 - Given: True course from A to B: 283°. Ground distance: 75 NM. TAS: 105 kt. Headwind component: 12 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1242 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... 1430 UTC 1356 UTC 1330 UTC 1320 UTC

55 - An aeroplane has a heading of 090°. The distance which has to be flown is 90 NM. After 45 NM the aeroplane is 4.5 NM north of the planned flight path. What is the corrected heading to reach the arrival aerodrome directly? 18° to the right 12° to the right 6° to the right 9° to the right

56 - What is the difference in latitude between A (12°53'30''N) and B (07°34'30''S)? 20°28'00'' 05,19° 20,28° 05°19'00''

57 - Given the following information, what is the aircraft position at the cross bearing? VOR Hamburg (HAM) (53°41?N, 010°12?E): Radial 119° VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E): Radial 320° See annex (NAV-031) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

52°20'N, 10°10'E 54°40'N, 12°50'E 54°40'N, 12°50'E 53°20'N, 11°10'E

58 - When transmitter and receiver are moving away from each other... The perceived frequency increases The perceived frequency decreases. The frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant The perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency.

59 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the VAR and the DEV? VAR: 004° W. DEV: +002°. VAR: 004° W. DEV: -002° VAR: 004° E. DEV: +002°. VAR: 004° E. DEV: -002°

60 - Given: True course from A to B: 250°. Ground distance: 210 NM. TAS: 130 kt. Headwind component: 15 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0915 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... 1115 UTC 1105 UTC. 1005 UTC 1052 UTC

61 - With Central European Summer Time (CEST) given as UTC+2, what UTC time corresponds to 1600 CEST? 1600 UTC. 1500 UTC. 1700 UTC. 1400 UTC.

62 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The wind vector is 270°/50 kt. The ground speed (GS) equals... 170 kt 185 kt. 255 kt. 135 kt.

63 - What is the difference in time when the sun moves 20° of longitude? 1:20 h 0:20 h 0:40 h 1:00 h

64 - An aircraft travels 100 km in 56 minutes. The ground speed (GS) equals... 58 km/h 198 kt 93 kt. 107 km/h.

65 - What is the distance between the parallels of latitude 48°N and 49°N along a meridian line? 1 NM 60 NM 111 NM 10 NM

66 - The term 'civil twilight' is defined as... The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the true horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the apparent horizon.

67 - The VDF range depends on... The aircraft's speed. The condition of the ionosphere. The range of the ground / surface wave. The aircraft's altitude.

68 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are TH and VAR? TH: 194°. VAR: 004° W TH: 194°. VAR: 004° E TH: 172°. VAR: 004° W TH: 172°. VAR: 004° E

69 - What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed The direction of the approach path has changed The true direction of the runway alignment has changed

70 - What is the difference in time when the sun moves 10° of longitude? 0:30 h 0:04 h 0:40 h 1:00 h

71 - The term 'agonic line' is defined as a line on Earth or an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the... Deviation of 0° Inclination of 0°. Heading of 0°. Variation of 0°.

72 - Given: QTE: 248° VAR: 10° W The QDR equals... 068° 238° 258°. 078°

73 - Given: QDR: 152° VAR: 5° W DEV: 5° E The QUJ equals... 332° 147° 327° 317°.

74 - Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to use a VHF direction finder (VDF)? At least two VHF aerials A VHF radio A relative bearing indicator (RBI) A VDF receiver

75 - A pilot receives a QDR of 135° from the VDF ground station. Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? Northwest Southeast Southwest Northeast

76 - UTC is... A zonal time A local time in Central Europe. Local mean time at a specific point on Earth. An obligatory time used in aviation

77 - Full deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI) means that the aircraft is located at least... 2 NM beside the selected course. 10 NM beside the selected course. 2° beside the selected course. 10° beside the selected course.

78 - What is the distance from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

24 km 42 NM 24 NM 42 km

79 - Given: QDR: 067° VAR: 5° E The QDM equals... 247° 072° 252°. 257°.

80 - The transponder code in case of hi-jacking is... 7000 7600 7500 7700

81 - Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to receive signals from a nondirectional beacon (NDB)? Course deviation indicator (CDI) Horizontal situation indicator (HSI) Automatic direction finder (ADF) Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)

82 - Given: Calibrated airspeed (CAS): 155 kt. Flight level (FL) 80. Outside air temperature (OAT): +15° C. The true airspeed (TAS) equals... 155 kts. 170 kts 180 kts 134 kts.

83 - An aircraft is flying from 'A' to 'B' (distance 220 NM) at an average ground speed (GS) of 120 kt. It departs 'A' at 1200 UTC. After 70 NM along the course from 'A', the aircraft is 5 min ahead of the planned schedule. Using the actual GS, what is the revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) at B? 1335 UTC 1340 UTC 1345 UTC 1330 UTC

84 - Which lines have to be used by the pilot to determine the aircraft's position? True bearings (QTE) Magnetic bearings (QDR) Relative bearings (RB) Magnetic headings (MH)

85 - The on-board equipment of the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is called... Course indicator. Transponder. Interrogator Decoder

86 - What is the true course (TC) from Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E) to Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E)? See annex (NAV-031) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

241° 235° 061° 055°

87 - What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude? 60 NM 400 NM 120 NM 216 NM

88 - VOR radials are defined based on the principle of... Phase comparison of two signals. Frequency comparison of two signals. Pulse comparison of two signals Amplitude comparison of two signals.

89 - A pilot wants to approach an NDB on QDM 090°. The aircraft flies for about 5 minutes with a magnetic heading (MH) of 095° and the RBI indication of 355°. After 6 minutes the RBI indicates 358°. Which statement is correct? The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to increase the MH The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to decrease the MH The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to increase the MH The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to decrease the MH

90 - The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... WCA Deviation Variation Inclination

91 - The angle between compass north and magnetic north is called... WCA Variation Inclination Deviation

92 - What is the meaning of the 1:60 rule? 6 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 10 NM 60 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 1 NM 1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM 10 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM

93 - What is the distance from Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E) to Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E)? See annex (NAV-031) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

46 NM 78 km 46 km 78 NM

94 - How many satellites are necessary for a precise and verified three-dimensional determination of the position? Two Three Five Four

95 - Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The ground speed (GS) equals... 125 kt. 117 kt. 120 kt 131 kt

96 - A VHF direction finder (VDF) can determine... Slant ranges Magnetic bearings. Approach speeds True courses

97 - An aircraft is flying at aFL 75 with an outside air temperature (OAT) of -9°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... 6500 ft 6750 ft 7000 ft. 6250 ft.

98 - Assume calm wind and an aircraft descending from 9000 ft to 1500 ft. The rate of descent (ROD) equals 1200 ft/min. The elapsed time will be... 6 min. 15 min 12 min 8 min.

99 - Which answer completes the flight plan (marked cells)? See annex (NAV-014) (3,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 4 TH: 185°. MH: 185°. MC: 180° TH: 185°. MH: 184°. MC: 178° TH: 173°. MH: 174°. MC: 178°. TH: 173°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°

100 - An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +21°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... 6750 ft. 6250 ft. 7000 ft. 6500 ft

101 - Vienna (LOWW) is located at 016° 34'E, Salzburg (LOWS) at 013° 00'E. The latitude of both positions can be considered as equal. What is the difference of sunrise and sunset times, expressed in UTC, between Wien and Salzburg? In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise is 14 minutes earlier and sunset is 14 minutes later than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 4 minutes later than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise is 4 minutes later and sunset is 4 minutes earlier than in Salzburg

102 - How are rhumb lines and great circles depicted on a direct Mercator chart? Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: straight lines Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: curved lines Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: curved lines Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: straight lines

103 - Which are the properties of a Mercator chart? The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines

104 - Given: QDM: 134° VAR: 5° W The QTE equals... 314°. 299°. 129°. 309°.

105 - Which are the properties of a Lambert conformal chart? Great circles are depicted as straight lines and the chart is an equal-area projection The chart is conformal and an equal-area projection The chart is conformal and nearly true to scale Rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines and the chart is conformal

106 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the TH and the DEV? TH: 172°. DEV: +002° TH: 172°. DEV: -002° TH: 194°. DEV: -002°. TH: 194°. DEV: +002°.

107 - Quasi-optical waves travel... Along the surface of the earth Through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver. Through the air and are influenced (e.g. reflected) by the ionosphere Along the surface of the earth, but are absorbed by the sea.

108 - The term QDR means... Magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft True bearing from the aircraft to the station. Magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station. True bearing from the station to the aircraft.

109 - Using primary ground radar, the direction of the aeroplane in relation to the antenna is determined by... The pulse pair interval The orientation of the antenna. The frequency shift of the received pulse Time measurement.

110 - Electronic devices on board of an aeroplane have influence on the... Turn coordinator Airspeed indicator. Artificial horizon. Direct reading compass

111 - Given: TC: 179°; WCA: -12°; VAR: 004° E; DEV: +002° What are MH and MC? MH: 167°. MC: 175°. MH: 167°. MC: 161°. MH: 163°. MC: 175°. MH: 163°. MC: 161°.

112 - The angle between the magnetic course and the true course is called... Deviation WCA Variation Inclination

113 - Assume two arbitrary points A and B on the same parallel of latitude, but not on the equator. Point A is located on 010°E and point B on 020°E. The rumb line distance between A and B is always... More than 600 NM. Less than 600 NM. More than 300 NM Less than 300 NM

114 - For a short flight from A to B the pilot extracts the following information from an aeronautical chart: True course: 245°. Magnetic variation: 7° W The magnetic course (MC) equals... 252° 245°. 007° 238°.

115 - What radio navigation aid can be received with the attached aerial? See figure (NAV-017) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 5

VOR DME NDB VDF

116 - The term ‚magnetic course' (MC) is defined as... The angle between magnetic north and the course line. The angle between true north and the course line. The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole. The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole.

117 - A VOR radial corresponds to the... QTE QUJ QDR QDM

118 - Where does the inclination reach its lowest value? At the magnetic equator At the magnetic poles At the geographic equator At the geographic poles

119 - What distance corresponds to one degree difference in latitude along any degree of longitude? 1 NM 60 NM 30 NM 60 km

120 - Which statement about a rhumb line is correct? A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle. The center of a complete cycle of a rhumb line is always the Earth's center. The shortest track between two points along the Earth's surface follows a rhumb line A rhumb line is a great circle intersecting the the equator with 45° angle.

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Exam simulation Navigation PPL(A) - Private Pilot License

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