Exam quiz Principle of Flight - PPL(A) - Private Pilot License

Question 1

In a co-ordinated turn, how is the relation between the load factor (n) and the stall speed (Vs)?

Accepted Answer

N is greater than 1, Vs is greater than in straight and level flight.

Answer

N is smaller than 1, Vs is greater than in straight and level flight

Answer

N is smaller than 1, Vs is smaller than in straight and level flight.

Answer

N is greater than 1, Vs is smaller than in straight and level flight

Question 2

"Longitudinal stability" is referred to as stability around which axis?

Accepted Answer

Lateral axis

Answer

Propeller axis

Answer

Vertical axis

Answer

Longitudinal axis

Question 3

What has to be considered with regard to the center of gravity position?

Accepted Answer

Only correct loading can assure a correct and safe center of gravity position

Answer

The center of gravity's position can only be determined during flight.

Answer

By moving the elevator trim tab, the center of gravity can be shifted into a correct position

Answer

By moving the aileron trim tab, the center of gravity can be shifted into a correct position.

Question 4

Point number 1 in the figure indicates which flight state? See figure (PFA-008) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 5

Accepted Answer

Inverted flight

Answer

Stall

Answer

Best gliding angle

Answer

Slow flight

Question 5

The elevator moves an aeroplane around the...

Accepted Answer

Lateral axis.

Answer

Elevator axis.

Answer

Longitudinal axis

Answer

Vertical axis.

Question 6

What types of boundary layers can be found on an aerofoil?

Accepted Answer

Laminar layer at the leading wing areas, turbulent boundary layer at the trailing areas

Answer

Turbulent boundary layer along the complete upper surface with separated airflow

Answer

Turbulent layer at the leading wing areas, laminar boundary layer at the trailing areas

Answer

Laminar boundary layer along the complete upper surface with non-separated airflow

Question 7

In which way does the position of the center of pressure move at a positively shaped profile with increasing angle of attack?

Accepted Answer

It moves forward until reaching the critical angle of attack

Answer

It moves backward until reaching the critical angle of attack

Answer

It moves forward first, then backward

Answer

It moves to the wing tips

Question 8

What describes "wing loading"?

Accepted Answer

Weight per wing area

Answer

Drag per wing area

Answer

Drag per weight

Answer

Wing area per weight

Question 9

Where is interference drag generated?

Accepted Answer

At the wing root

Answer

At the ailerons

Answer

At the the gear

Answer

Near the wing tips

Question 10

Which point on the aerofoil is represented by number 4? See figure (PFA-009) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 2

Accepted Answer

Separation point

Answer

Center of pressure

Answer

Transition point

Answer

Stagnation point

Question 11

Through which factor listed below does the load factor increase during cruise flight?

Accepted Answer

An upward gust

Answer

A forward centre of gravity

Answer

Higher aeroplane weight

Answer

Lower air density

Question 12

All aerodynamic forces can be considered to act on a single point. This point is called...

Accepted Answer

Center of pressure.

Answer

Center of gravity.

Answer

Lift point.

Answer

Transition point.

Question 13

The angle (alpha) shown in the figure is referred to as... See figure (PFA-003) DoF: direction of airflow (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

Accepted Answer

Angle of attack.

Answer

Lift angle.

Answer

Angle of incidence

Answer

Angle of inclination

Question 14

In case of a stall it is important to...

Accepted Answer

Decrease the angle of attack and increase the speed

Answer

Increase the bank angle and reduce the speed

Answer

Increase the angle of attack and increase the speed.

Answer

Increase the angle of attack and reduce the speed.

Question 15

Number 3 in the drawing corresponds to the... See figure (PFA-010) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 1

Accepted Answer

Camber line

Answer

Chord

Answer

Thickness

Answer

Chord line.

Question 16

Which design feature can compensate for adverse yaw?

Accepted Answer

Differential aileron defletion

Answer

Wing dihedral

Answer

Full deflection of the aileron

Answer

Aileron trim

Question 17

How should the pilot react to an engaged stall warning?

Accepted Answer

Push the elevator, increase power

Answer

Pull the elevator, increase power

Answer

Pull the elevator, decrease power

Answer

Raise the nose to decrease airspeed

Question 18

Pressure drag, interference drag and friction drag belong to the group of the...

Accepted Answer

Parasite drag.

Answer

Induced drag

Answer

Main resistance

Answer

Total drag

Question 19

The change in pitch at a propeller blade from the root to the tip ensures...

Accepted Answer

A nearly constant load by a constant effective angle of attack over the entire length of the blade.

Answer

That the most thrust is produced at the blade tip

Answer

That the most thrust is produced at the blade root

Answer

The largest possible angle of attack at the blade tip

Question 20

What effects typically result from propeller icing?

Accepted Answer

Reduced power output, decreasing RPM

Answer

Increased power output, decreasing RPM.

Answer

Increased power output, increasing RPM.

Answer

Reduced power output, increasing RPM.

Question 21

What kind of drag is NOT part of the parasite drag?

Accepted Answer

Induced drag

Answer

Interference drag

Answer

Skin-friction drag

Answer

Form drag

Question 22

The laminar boundary layer on the aerofoil is located between...

Accepted Answer

The stagnation point and the transition point.

Answer

The transition point and the separation point.

Answer

The transition point and the center of pressure

Answer

The stagnation point and the center of pressure

Question 23

Point number 5 in the figure indicates which flight state? See figure (PFA-008) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 5

Accepted Answer

Slow flight

Answer

Best gliding angle

Answer

Stall

Answer

Inverted flight

Question 24

Which statement about lift and angle of attack is correct?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the angle of attack too far may result in a loss of lift and an airflow separation

Answer

Too large angles of attack can lead to an exponential increase in lift

Answer

Increasing the angle of attack results in less lift being generated by the aerofoil

Answer

Decreasing the angle of attack results in more drag being generated by the aerofoil

Question 25

The center of pressure is the theoretical point of origin of...

Accepted Answer

All aerodynamic forces of the profile

Answer

Only the resulting total drag.

Answer

Gravity forces of the profile

Answer

Gravity and aerodynamic forces

Question 26

Which of the following options is likely to produce large induced drag?

Accepted Answer

Small aspect ratio

Answer

Large aspect ratio

Answer

Tapered wings

Answer

Low lift coefficients

Question 27

The right aileron deflects upwards, the left downwards. How does the aircraft react?

Accepted Answer

Rolling to the right, yawing to the left

Answer

Rolling to the left, no yawing

Answer

Rolling to the right, yawing to the right

Answer

Rolling to the left, yawing to the right

Question 28

What structural item provides lateral stability to an airplane?

Accepted Answer

Wing dihedral

Answer

Differential aileron deflection

Answer

Vertical tail

Answer

Elevator

Question 29

The drag coefficient...

Accepted Answer

Cannot be lower than a non-negative, minimal value.

Answer

Increases with increasing airspeed.

Answer

Is proportional to the lift coefficient.

Answer

May range from zero to an infinite positive value

Question 30

The position of the the center of pressure at a positively shaped profile...

Accepted Answer

Moves to the trailing edge while the angle of attack becomes smaller.

Answer

Moves to the leading edge while the angle of attack becomes smaller.

Answer

Is located at approximately 25% of the chord, measured from the leading edge

Answer

Does not move since it is independent of the angle of attack.

Question 31

The bank in a two-minute turn (rate one turn) depends on the...

Accepted Answer

TAS

Answer

Weight

Answer

Wind

Answer

Load factor.

Question 32

Which statement about induced drag during the horizontal cruise flight is correct?

Accepted Answer

Induced drag decreases with increasing airspeed

Answer

Induced drag has a minimum at a certain speed and increases at higher as well as lower speeds

Answer

Induced drag has a maximum at a certain speed and decreases at higher as well as lower speeds

Answer

Induced drag increases with increasing airspeed

Question 33

How is the balance of forces affected during a turn?

Accepted Answer

Lift force must be increased to compensate for the sum of centrifugal and gravitational force

Answer

The net force results from superposition of gravity and centripetal forces

Answer

The horizontal component of the lift force during a turn is the centrifugal force

Answer

A lower lift force compensates for a lower net force as compared to level flight

Question 34

Which of the listed wing shapes has the lowest induced drag?

Accepted Answer

Elliptical shape

Answer

Double trapezoidal shape

Answer

Rectangular shape

Answer

Trapezoidal shape

Question 35

Which statement concerning the angle of attack is correct?

Accepted Answer

A too large angle of attack may result in a loss of lift

Answer

The angle of attack cannot be negative

Answer

Increasing the angle of attack results in decreasing lift

Answer

The angle of attack is constant throughout the flight

Question 36

If surrounded by airflow (v > 0), any arbitrarily shaped body produces...

Accepted Answer

Drag

Answer

Lift without drag.

Answer

Drag and lift.

Answer

Constant drag at any speed.

Question 37

The trim tab at the elevator is defelected upwards. In which position is the corresponding indicator?

Accepted Answer

Nose-down position

Answer

Neutral position

Answer

Nose-up position

Answer

Laterally trimmed

Question 38

When increasing the airflow speed by a factor of 2 while keeping all other parameters constant, how does the parasite drag change approximately?

Accepted Answer

It increases by a factor of 4

Answer

It decreases by a factor of 2

Answer

It increases by a factor of 2

Answer

It decreases by a factor of 4

Question 39

What is the diffeence between spin and spiral dive?

Accepted Answer

Spin: stall at inner wing, speed constant; Spiral dive: airflow at both wings, speed increasing rapidly

Answer

Spin: stall at outer wing, speed constant; Spiral dive: airflow at both wings, speed increasing rapidly

Answer

Spin: stall at outer wing, speed increasing rapidly; Spiral dive: airflow at both wings, speed constant

Answer

Spin: stall at inner wing, speed increasing rapidly; Spiral dive: airflow at both wings, speed constant

Question 40

A take-off with flaps in take-off position causes...

Accepted Answer

A shortening of the take-off run.

Answer

An increased rate of climb

Answer

An increased acceleration

Answer

A decrease in drag.

Question 41

Which effect does a decreasing airspeed have on the induced drag during a horizontal and stable cruise flight?

Accepted Answer

The induced drag will increase

Answer

The induced drag will collapse

Answer

The induced drag will remain constant

Answer

The induced drag will slightly decrease

Question 42

Which factor can be changed by deploying flaps for landing?

Accepted Answer

The trim condition

Answer

The position of the center of gravity

Answer

The effectiveness of the ailerons

Answer

The twist effect of the engine

Question 43

Which point on the aerofoil is represented by number 3? See figure (PFA-009) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 2

Accepted Answer

Transition point

Answer

Separation point

Answer

Center of pressure

Answer

Stagnation point

Question 44

What leads to a decreased stall speed Vs (IAS)?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing weight

Answer

Lower altitude

Answer

Lower density

Answer

Higher load factor

Question 45

The ratio of span and mean chord length is referred to as...

Accepted Answer

Aspect ratio.

Answer

Trapezium shape.

Answer

Tapering

Answer

Wing sweep.

Question 46

Stabilization around the lateral axis during cruise is achieved by the...

Accepted Answer

Horizontal stabilizer.

Answer

Airlerons

Answer

Wing flaps.

Answer

Vertical rudder.

Question 47

Which option states a benefit of wing washout?

Accepted Answer

At high angles of attack the effectiveness of the aileron is retained as long as possible

Answer

Structurally the wing is made more rigid against rotation

Answer

With the washout the form drag reduces at high speeds

Answer

Greater hardness because the wing can withstand more torsion forces

Question 48

Deflecting the rudder to the left causes...

Accepted Answer

Yawing of the aircraft to the left.

Answer

Pitching of the aircraft to the right.

Answer

Yawing of the aircraft to the right

Answer

Pitching of the aircraft to the left

Question 49

Pressure compensation on an wing occurs at the...

Accepted Answer

Wing tips.

Answer

Wing roots

Answer

Trailing edge

Answer

Leading edge.

Question 50

Which kinds of drag contribute to total drag?

Accepted Answer

Induced drag and parasite drag

Answer

Form drag, skin-friction drag, interference drag

Answer

Interference drag and parasite drag

Answer

Induced drag, form drag, skin-friction drag

Question 51

When extending the flaps for landing at constant angle of attack, in which way does the lift coefficient change far before reaching the maximum lift coefficient?

Accepted Answer

It increases

Answer

It decreases

Answer

It is not possible to define

Answer

It remains constant

Question 52

The critical angle of attack...

Accepted Answer

Is not changed by different aircraft weights.

Answer

Increases with a front centre of gravity.

Answer

Decreases with a rear centre of gravity.

Answer

Is changed by different aircraft weights.

Question 53

Bernoulli's equation for frictionless, incompressible gases states that...

Accepted Answer

Total pressure = dynamic pressure + static pressure.

Answer

Static pressure = total pressure + dynamic pressure

Answer

Total pressure = dynamic pressure - static pressure

Answer

Dynamic pressure = total pressure + static pressure.

Question 54

How does a laminar boundary layer differ from a turbulent boundary layer?

Accepted Answer

The turbulent boundary layer can follow the airfoil camber at higher angles of attack

Answer

The laminar boundary layer produces lift, the turbulent boundary layer produces drag

Answer

The turbulent boundary layer is thicker and provides less skin-friction drag

Answer

The laminar boundary layer is thinner and provides more skin-friction drag

Question 55

The pressure compensation between wind upper and lower surface results in ...

Accepted Answer

Induced drag by wing tip vortices.

Answer

Laminar airflow by wing tip vortices.

Answer

Profile drag by wing tip vortices.

Answer

Lift by wing tip vortices

Question 56

Flying with speeds higher than the never-exceed-speed (vNE) may result in...

Accepted Answer

Flutter and mechanically damaging the wings.

Answer

Too high total pressure resulting in an unusable airspeed indicator.

Answer

An increased lift-to-drag ratio and a better glide angle

Answer

Reduced drag with increased control forces

Question 57

What pattern can be found at the stagnation point?

Accepted Answer

Streamlines are divided into airflow above and below the profile

Answer

The boundary layer starts separating on the upper surface of the profile

Answer

The laminar boundary layer changes into a turbulent boundary layer

Answer

All aerodynamic forces can be considered as attacking at this single point

Question 58

The static pressure of gases work...

Accepted Answer

In all directions.

Answer

Only vertical to the flow direction.

Answer

Only in the direction of the total pressure.

Answer

Only in flow direction

Question 59

During cruise flight with constant power setting, an aircraft shows a permanent tendency to raise the nose. How can this tendency be eliminated?

Accepted Answer

By deflecting the elevator trim tab upwards

Answer

By shifting the center of gravity backwards

Answer

By elevator deflection upwards

Answer

By deflecting the elevator trim tab downwards

Question 60

During a straight and steady climb, which force acts addionally, and in the same direction as the drag force, resulting in more power required for climb than for horizontal flight?

Accepted Answer

A component of the weight force along the rearward flight path

Answer

The vertical component of the weight force

Answer

A component of the thrust along the rearward flightpath.

Answer

A component of the lift force along the forward flightpath.

Question 61

Which parts of an aircraft mainly affect the generation of induced drag?

Accepted Answer

The wing tips

Answer

The front part of the fuselage.

Answer

The lower part of the gear.

Answer

The outer part of the ailerons

Question 62

Which point on the aerofoil is represented by number 1? See figure (PFA-009) (1,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 2

Accepted Answer

Stagnation point

Answer

Transition point

Answer

Center of pressure

Answer

Separation point

Question 63

Rotation around the vertical axis is called...

Accepted Answer

Yawing

Answer

Rolling

Answer

Pitching

Answer

Slipping

Question 64

What is meant by "ground effect"?

Accepted Answer

Increase of lift and decrease of induced drag close to the ground

Answer

Increase of lift and increase of induced drag close to the ground

Answer

Decrease of lift and increase of induced drag close to the ground

Answer

Decrease of lift and decrease of induced drag close to the ground

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