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1 - What is caused by an increase of stability in a helicopter? An optimization of the maximum helicopter mass An enhance of control under negative load factors A decrease of the required control forces An increase of general flight safety

2 - Which components do rotor blades made of synthetic material contain? Spar of lead and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of stainless steel Spar of synthetic material, filling material and outer skin of synthetic material, erosion protection of aluminum Spar of aluminum and synthetic material, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material Spar of stainless steel, filling material and outer skin and erosion protection of synthetic material

3 - What is the lowest possible VFR flight level if a true course of 181° is selected and a variation of 3° east exists? FL 065 FL 060 FL 055 FL 050

4 - Calculated take-off mass = 1082 kg, calculated CG = 0.254 m, fuel burn = 55 l on station 0.40 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing? 24.8 cm 25.2 cm 24.6 cm 25.4 cm

5 - What is the effect of vortex ring state? High rate of descent and irregular pitch, roll, and yaw motions Stable descent and high-frequency vibrations in the helicopter Decreased rate of descent and strong vibrations from the engine Fluctuations in rotor and engine RPM

6 - What is the meaning of the phrase "Correction"? I understand your message and will comply with it Permission for proposed action is granted An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is... I have received all of your last transmission

7 - What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude? 120 NM 216 NM 400 NM 60 NM

8 - To which privileges are you entitled by holding a private pilot license (PPL) with an endorsed type rating for helicopters? To conduct commercial flights when the helicopter is approved for not more than six seats and to work as a flight instructor in a commercial flight academy To conduct non-commercial flights with passengers, provided the pilot-in-command has carried out at least three take-offs and landings within the last 90 days To conduct non-commercial flights with passengers, provided the pilot-in-command has carried out at least five take-offs and landings within the last 120 days To conduct commercial flights when the helicopter is approved for not more than four seats and to work as a flight instructor in a commercial flight academy

9 - What is the correct designation of the frequency band from 118.000 to 136.975 MHz used for voice communication? HF LF MF VHF

10 - What does a readability of 3 indicate? The transmission is readable but with difficulty The transmission is perfectly readable The transmission is unreadable The transmission is readable now and then

11 - What is the minimum flight visibility in airspace "E" for an aircraft operating under VFR at FL75? 1500 m 3000 m 5000 m 8000 m

12 - A Pre-Flight Information Bulletin (PIB) is a presentation of current... ICAO information of operational significance prepared after the flight. NOTAM information of operational significance prepared prior to flight. AIC information of operational significance prepared after the flight. AIP information of operational significance prepared prior to flight.

13 - With increasing altitude and unchanged mixture setting, the air/fuel mixture... Becomes more lean. Becomes richer. Stays constant. Becomes liquid.

14 - What is the radial from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

204° 024° 068° 248°

15 - How is referred to a tubular steel construction with a non self-supporting skin? Grid construction Honeycomb structure Monocoque construction Semi-monocoque construction.

16 - How can a wind shear encounter in flight be avoided? Avoid take-off and landing during the passage of heavy showers or thunderstorms Avoid take-offs and landings in mountainous terrain and stay in flat country whenever possible Avoid thermally active areas, particularly during summer, or stay below these areas Avoid areas of precipitation, particularly during winter, and choose low flight altitudes

17 - What is the task of cooling fins on air-cooled engine cylinders? Quick heat transfer to the surrounding air flow by expanding the surface Leading the airflow to parts designated to be cooled Cooling of the cylinder surrounding airflow and forwarding to hotter engine parts Increasing the airflow thus improving cooling of cylinder parts

18 - The virtual rotation axis of a rotor is... Perpendicular to the hub plane. Parallel with the main rotor shaft. Perpendicular to the tip path plane. Perpendicular to the plane which contains the swash plate.

19 - According to the aeronautical chart, Friesach/Hirt (LOKH) has a 707 m grass runway. Prevailing runway is 17 due to a surface wind of 18010KT. The required landing distance for your aircraft under present conditions is 550 m. Considering the NOTAM below ,is it safe to plan LOKH as an alternate aerodrome? See figure (PFP-026) Siehe Anlage 9

No. Yes. Don't know. Maybe.

20 - In what case is visibility transmitted in meters? Up to 5 km Greater than 5 km Up to 10 km Greater than 10 km

21 - A true altitude is... A pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. An altitude above mean sea level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard temperature. A height above ground level corrected for non-standard pressure.

22 - The induced airflow on the rotor of a helicopter in level flight has the greatest value at the... Rear rotor area. Advancing rotor blade. Retreating rotor blade. Front rotor area.

23 - The position of the center of gravity equals... See figure (PFP-052e) Siehe Anlage 1

142 in. 137.5 in. 147.5 in. 145.7 in.

24 - A horizontal situation indicator (HSI) combines the information provided by... The attitude indicator and the flight director. The rate gyro and the slip indicator. The directional gyro and the flight director. The directional gyro and the VHF navigation receiver.

25 - Which movement is caused by the Coriolis effect on the advancing rotor blade? Mass movement outwards Drag movement forwards Tilt movement backwards Flapping downwards

26 - What information is broadcasted on a VOLMET frequency? NOTAMS Current information Navigational information Meteorological information

27 - Calculated take-off mass = 2300 lbs, calculated CG = 95.75 in, fuel burn = 170 lbs on station 87.00 in. Where is the CG situated after the landing? 96.57 in 96.45 in 97.39 in 94.11 in

28 - Which altitude marks the lower limit where the the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure? 12000 feet 7000 feet 5000 feet 22000 feet

29 - During an autorotation with forward speed of a helicopter the driving forces are located in the... Region of the retreating rotor blade. Inner region. Outer region. Region of the advancing rotor blade.

30 - Which are the different parts of the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)? GEN COM MET GEN AGA COM GEN ENR AD GEN MET RAC

31 - Which components do rotor blades made of metal contain? Spar of titan, filling material of stainless steel, and outer skin of steel Spar of lead, filling material of steel, and outer skin of stainless steel Spar of aluminum, filling material of titan, and outer skin of aluminum Spar of steel, filling material of aluminum, and outer skin of aluminum

32 - What is indicated by a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the centerline of a runway? A ground roll could be started from this position Do not touch down before them Do not touch down behind them At this point the glide path of an ILS hits the runway

33 - What weather phenomenon designated by "2" has to be expected on the lee side during "Foehn" conditions? See figure (MET-001). Siehe Anlage 1

Cumulonimbus Altocumulus lenticularis Altocumulus Castellanus Nimbostratus

34 - For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information? 10 to 20 seconds 30 to 40 seconds 3 to 7 seconds 35 to 50 seconds

35 - What is the meaning of the red range on the airspeed indicator? Speed which must not be exceeded within bumpy air Speed which must not be exceeded with flaps extended Speed which must not be exceeded in turns with more than 45° bank Speed which must not be exceeded regardless of circumstances

36 - What visual flight conditions can be expected within the warm sector of a polar front low during summer time? Visibilty less than 1000 m, cloud-covered ground Moderate to good visibility, scattered clouds Moderate visibility, heavy showers and thunderstorms Good visibility, some isolated high clouds

37 - When landing, if the TAS is significantly less than the ground speed, you will have... Headwind. Crosswind. An inversion. Tailwind.

38 - What phrase is used by a pilot if a transmission is to be answered with "no"? Finish No Not Negative

39 - Full deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI) means that the aircraft is located at least... 10° beside the selected course 2° beside the selected course. 2 NM beside the selected course. 10 NM beside the selected course.

40 - Which light colour advises the pilot to the condition "corrective action may be required in the future"? Green Red Amber (orange) Blue

41 - What needs to be observed in particular when performing a slope landing? Direction of rotation of the main rotor Slipping of the helicopter Width of the landing skids. Faulty navigation lights.

42 - Which area could be crossed with certain restrictions? Dangerous area Restricted area No-fly zone Prohibited area

43 - After take-off an aeroplane gets into a wind shear with decreasing headwind. As a result... The aeroplane flies below the estimated climb path. The aeroplane flies above the estimated climb path. The ground speed (GS) will decrease. The true airspeed (TAS) will increase.

44 - Which approximate, geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation systems? Ellipsoid Sphere of ecliptical shape Flat plate Perfect sphere

45 - The rotational axis of the Earth runs through the... Magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole. Geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole. Geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole. Magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole.

46 - A helicopter with a rotor turning in an anti-clockwise direction seen from above, hovers sideways to the right. What is the azimuth angle where the main rotor blades have the biggest pitch angle? 270° 180° 90° 0°

47 - What cloud type does the picture show? See figure (MET-002). Siehe Anlage 2

Altus Stratus Cirrus Cumulus

48 - Distress messages contain... Information concerning aircraft and their passengers which face a grave and imminent threat and require immediate assistance Information concerning urgent spare parts which are required for a continuation of flight and which have to be ordered in advance. Information concerning the apron personell and which imply an imminent danger to landing aircraft. Information concerning the safety of an aircraft, a watercraft or some other vehicle or person in sight.

49 - What is likely to be the cause if the engine runs unusually rough while checking the magnetos? Short circuit on the ground cable Sparking plug is defective Ignition switch is faulty Starter is faulty

50 - In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment? The eustachien tube is blocked All windows are completely closed Breathing takes place using the mouth only During a light and slow climb

51 - What does a readability of 1 indicate? The transmission is readable now and then The transmission is perfectly readable The transmission is unreadable The transmission is readable but with difficulty

52 - Why is it dangerous to pump the throttle for engine start in cold weather? It may cause a carburettor fire Carburettor icing can occur The oil will become diluted The engine might start with not enough power

53 - Times are transmitted as... UTC. Local time Standard time. Time zone time.

54 - The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm. The pilot should follow a QDM of... See figure (NAV-019) Siehe Anlage 4

230°. 200°. 080°. 260°.

55 - How many satellites are necessary for a precise and verified three-dimensional determination of the position? Five Four Three Two

56 - Why is a helicopter's climb initially accelerated after an increase of the pitch angle? The larger pitch angle causes a decrease and a compression of the airflow until the climb rate corresponds to the induced velocity through the main rotor disc The inertia of the air increases the effective angle of attack temporarily until an additional component of the climb rate reduces the effective angle of attack again The initially high airflow increases the rotor thrust until the lower air density reduces the rotor thrust again The conversion of energetic air into kinetic rotor energy decreases continuously with increasing density altitude

57 - What is the correct way of establishing radio communication between D-EAZF and Dusseldorf Tower? DEAZF is calling Dusseldorf Tower Dusseldorf Tower over Dusseldorf Tower D-EAZF Tower from D-EAZF

58 - The measurement of altitude is based on the change of the... Static pressure. Dynamic pressure. Total pressure. Differential pressure.

59 - Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia? Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails Muscle cramps in the upper body area Blue marks all over the body Joint pain in knees and feet

60 - Given: Calibrated airspeed (CAS): 155 kt. Flight level (FL) 80. Outside air temperature (OAT): +15° C. The true airspeed (TAS) equals... 180 kts. 170 kts. 155 kts. 134 kts.

61 - When should turns at low altitudes above villages be avoided with regard to noise abatement procedures? In horizontal flight In climb In descent During the approach

62 - Which dangerous situation could arise when the helicopter engine is started in strong tailwind conditions? Decompression sickness Carbon monoxide poisoning Binocular vision Rotary vertigo

63 - The term "moment" with regard to a mass and balance calculation is referred to as... Quotient of a mass and a balance arm. Difference of a mass and a balance arm. Sum of a mass and a balance arm. Product of a mass and a balance arm.

64 - Which area is suitable for an off-field landing? Glade with long dry grass Sports area in a village Harvested cornfield Plowed field

65 - The term "flight time" is defined as... The period from engine start for the purpose of taking off to leaving the aircraft after engine shutdown. The total time from the first take-off until the last landing in conjunction with one or more consecutive flights. The period from the start of the take-off run to the final touchdown when landing. The total time from the first aircraft movement until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight.

66 - What is necessary in terms of PART-FCL after differences training for helicopters? An application for renewal must be filed for the competent authority in a prescribed form and manner The logbook of the pilot or an equivalent document must be signed by the flight instructor A flight order for solo flights must be submitted to the competent authority by the instructor The pilot must pass a written line check exam in an aviation school

67 - When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft, which of the following is required? Remove the batteries Remove service equipment Drain all engine tank oil Drain all useable fuel

68 - A wind shear is... A vertical or horizontal change of wind speed and wind direction. A wind speed change of more than 15 kt. A meteorological downslope wind phenomenon in the alps. A slow increase of the wind speed in altitudes above 13000 ft.

69 - May an engine, which previously was on fire, be restarted? Yes, but only if the cause of the fire was a carburettor fire during engine start Yes, but only on the ground for the purpose of taxiing No, the risk of a reignition of the fire would be too high Yes, if the aircraft is flying at a safe altitude

70 - What weather conditions may be expected during conditionally unstable conditions? Layered clouds up to high levels, prolonged rain or snow Towering cumulus, isolated showers of rain or thunderstorms Sky clear of clouds, sunshine, low winds Shallow cumulus clouds with base at medium levels

71 - During an autorotation the airspeed is limited by... The displacement of the stall regions in the inner area of the rotor blade. The interference drag during low rates of descent. The landing gear during the touchdown. The drift of the driving forces on the returning blade.

72 - A vertical speed indicator measures the difference between... Instantaneous total pressure and previous total pressure. Total pressure and static pressure. Instantaneous static pressure and previous static pressure. Dynamic pressure and total pressure.

73 - What does the abbreviation "H24" stand for? Sunset to sunrise 24 h service No specific opening times Sunrise to sunset

74 - What is the correct way of acknowledging the instruction "DZF after lift-off climb straight ahead until 2500 feet before turning right heading 220 degrees, wind 090 degrees, 5 knots, runway 12, cleared for take-off"? DZF after lift-off climb straight ahead 2500 feet, wilco, heading 220 degrees, 090 degrees, 5 knots, cleared for take-off DZF after lift-off climb straight ahead 2500 feet, then turn right heading 220, 090 degrees, 5 knots, cleared for take-off DZF after lift-off climb straight ahead 2500 feet, then turn right heading 220, runway 12, cleared for take-off DZF after lift-off climb straight ahead 2500 feet, then turn right heading 220, 090 degrees, 5 knots

75 - What weather development will result from convergence at ground level? Ascending air and cloud dissipation Descending air and cloud dissipation Ascending air and cloud formation Descending air and cloud formation

76 - What is the correct way to counteract the vortex ring state? Raise collective and decrease rotor RPM Raise collective and pull back the stick Try to gain airspeed and enter autorotation Open throttle and pull back the stick

77 - What is the meaning of "risky shift"? Seat adjustment in flight The tendency to accept higher risks in groups Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope

78 - Two aircraft of the same type, same gross weight and same flap configuration fly with different speeds and altitude. Which aircraft will cause more wake turbulence? The aircraft flying at a lower altitude The aircraft flying at a higher altitude The aircraft flying at lower speed. The aircraft flying at higher speed.

79 - The upper limit of LO R 16 equals... See annex (PFP-056) Siehe Anlage 7

1 500 ft MSL. 1 500 m MSL. 1.500 ft GND. FL150.

80 - Which validity does the "Certificate of Airworthiness" have? 12 years Unlimited 6 months 12 months

81 - What is the minimum age to obtain a private pilot license? 18 years 17 years 21 years 16 years

82 - Vy is the speed... To rotate. For the best rate of climb. For the best angle of climb. Never to be exceeded.

83 - What is the correct way of acknowledging the instruction "Next report PAH"? Roger Report PAH Wilco Positive

84 - Wake turbulence is caused by... Jet blast behind a turbine engine. Turbulence at the downwind side of a mountain range. Wind shear at the wingtip of an aerofoil. Pressure compensation at the wingtip of an aerofoil.

85 - The transponder code in case of hi-jacking is... 7000. 7500. 7600. 7700.

86 - What allows the removal of drag hinges in semi-rigid rotor systems? Use of a gimbal ring with central flapping hinge Geometric or aerodynamic twist of the rotor blades Additional cone hinges on the rotor head Rotor blade attachment below the central flapping hinge

87 - An aeroplane's current supply is carried out by the: 1. Battery 2. Generator 3. Relay 4. Circuit breaker 3 and 4 2 and 3 1 and 4 1 and 2

88 - When air masses meet each other head on, how is this referred to and what air movements will follow? Convergence resulting in air being lifted Divergence resulting in air being lifted Convergence resulting in sinking air Divergence resulting in sinking air

89 - Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks? Due to group-dynamic effects During check flights due to a high level of nervousness During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast If there is not enough information available

90 - What is the parallax error? Misperception of speed during taxiing Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision A decoding error in communication between pilots Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night

91 - Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by... Alcohol. Unhealthy food. Smoking. Little sleep.

92 - Which information from a ground station does not require readback? SSR-Code Wind Altitude Runway in use

93 - What is the minimum flight visibility in airspace "C" at and above FL 100 for an aircraft operating under VFR? 1.5 km 10 km 8 km 5 km

94 - In which situations should a pilot use blind transmissions? When the traffic situation at an airport allows the transmission of information which does not need to be acknowledged by the ground station When a pilot has flown into cloud or fog unintentionally and therefore would like to request navigational assistance from a ground unit When no radio communication can be established with the appropriate aeronautical station, but when evidence exists that transmissions are received at that ground unit When a transmission containing important navigational or technical information is to be sent to several stations at the same time

95 - Weather and operational information about the destination aerodrome can be obtained during the flight by... VOLMET SIGMET. ATIS. PIREP.

96 - What process results in the formation of "orographic fog" ("hill fog")? Evaporation from warm, moist ground area into very cold air Prolonged radiation during nights clear of clouds Warm, moist air is moved across a hill or a mountain range Cold, moist air mixes with warm, moist air

97 - What frontal line divides subtropical air from polar cold air, in particular across Central Europe? Polar front Occlusion Warm front Cold front

98 - (For this question, please use annex PFP-062) According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? (2,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 17

B C D A

99 - Which actions should be taken if the orientation is lost during helicopter flight operations? Return to the departure aerodrome and reorientate from there Continue the flight in any direction until the navigation can be resumed Continue with planned heading to the next interception line and reorientate from there According the Warsaw convention orientation triangles must be flown

100 - Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots? Curved sidepiece Unbreakable No UV filter Non-polarised

101 - The term "aerodrome elevation" is defined as... The highest point of the landing area. The lowest point of the landing area. The average value of the height of the manoeuvring area. The highest point of the apron.

102 - The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... WCA. Inclination. Variation. Deviation.

103 - What is the ISA standard pressure at FL 180 (5500 m)? 250 hPa 300 hPa 500 hPa 1013.25 hPa

104 - The distance between the center of gravity and the datum is called... Lever. Balance arm. Torque. Span width.

105 - The basic empty mass of an aircraft includes... The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including crew, navigation instruments and engine cowling. The mass of the aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable liquids, lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen equipment, supplementary electronic equipment. The total mass of an aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including the required fuel and crew, but excluding traffic load. The total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding unusable fuel and traffic load. The mass includes items such as crew and crew baggage.

106 - What is referred to as mountain wind? Wind blowing down the mountain side during daytime. Wind blowing uphill from the valley during daytime. Wind blowing down the mountain side during the night Wind blowing uphill from the valley during the night.

107 - What is the meaning of a flashing green light signal at a controlled aerodrome directed to an aircraft in flight? Airport unsafe, do not land Return for landing, followed by steady green at the appropriate time Cleared to land Give way to other aircraft and continue circling

108 - The pressure which is measured at a ground station and reduced to mean sea level (MSL) by means of the actual atmospheric conditions is called... QFE. QFF. QNE QNH.

109 - What has to be considered during refueling? Apply ground wires, turn on the main switch and magneto ignition No open fires, obey smoking ban and apply ground cables Check the fuel content of the tank with a torch and remove fire protection Refuel through a soaked rag and keep a fire extinguisher available

110 - What are the air masses that Central Europe is mainly influenced by? Polar cold air and tropical warm air Arctic and polar cold air Tropical and arctic cold air Equatorial and tropical warm air

111 - Distress messages are messages... Concerning the safety of an aircraft, a watercraft or some other vehicle or person in sight Concerning the operation or maintenance of facilities which are important for the safety and regularity of flight operations. Sent by a pilot or an aircraft operating agency which have an imminent meaning for aircraft in flight. Concerning aircraft and their passengers which face a grave and imminent threat and require immediate assistance.

112 - An autorotation in a mountainous area is performed: Downwind under obstacles observance. Upslope without any yawing. Downslope with inclined rotor. Upwind and across the slope.

113 - A helicopter approach is conducted into the wind because... It reduces groundspeed and increases the landing distance. It increases the true airspeed and decreases the landing distance. This provides more control at low groundspeeds. This avoids wake turbulence near the touchdown zone.

114 - A boundary between a cold polar air mass and a warm subtropical air mass showing no horizontal displacement is called... Warm front Stationary front. Occluded front. Cold front.

115 - The rotor blade shape takes effect on the... Lift distribution. Rotor head used. Noch sensitivity. Structural take-off mass.

116 - What difference in altitude is shown by an altimeter, if the reference pressure scale setting is changed from 1000 hPa to 1010 hPa? Values depending on QNH Zero 80 m less than before 80 m more than before

117 - What is the call sign of the flight information service? Advice Flight information Info Information

118 - How can you obtain meteorological information concerning airports during a crosscountry flight? VOLMET METAR AIRMET GAMET

119 - The beam theory enables statements about the... Energy conversion in an autorotation. Power requirements during hover flight Transition lift close to the ground. Drag in cruise flight.

120 - Cold air inflow in high tropospheric layers may result in... Stabilisation and calm weather. Frontal weather. Calm weather and cloud dissipation. Showers and thunderstorms.

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PPL(H) - Private Pilot License Exam Simulation

Quiz ppl-h-en 120 questions on 120 minutes