Test 120 exam questions on Navigation for PPL(H)

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1 - Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The ground speed (GS) equals... 120 kt. 117 kt. 131 kt. 125 kt.

2 - An aircraft is flying from 'A' to 'B' (distance 220 NM) at an average ground speed (GS) of 120 kt. It departs 'A' at 1200 UTC. After 70 NM along the course from 'A', the aircraft is 5 min ahead of the planned schedule. Using the actual GS, what is the revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) at B? 1330 UTC 1340 UTC 1345 UTC 1335 UTC

3 - Given: True course: 255°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 200°/10 kt. The true heading equals... 250° 265° 275°. 245°.

4 - Given: QTE: 203° VAR: 10° E The QDR equals... 013°. 193° 213°. 023°.

5 - Radio waves within the VHF range (e.g. VOR) travel as... Sky wave. Sky wave and ground / surface wave. Ground / surface wave. Space wave (quasi-optical).

6 - Given: True course from A to B: 283°. Ground distance: 75 NM. TAS: 105 kt. Headwind component: 12 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1242 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... 1330 UTC 1430 UTC 1356 UTC 1320 UTC

7 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are TH and VAR? (2,00 P.) TH: 194°. VAR: 004° E TH: 194°. VAR: 004° W TH: 172°. VAR: 004° W TH: 172°. VAR: 004° E

8 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the TH and the DEV? (2,00 P.) TH: 194°. DEV: -002°. TH: 172°. DEV: +002°. TH: 194°. DEV: +002° TH: 172°. DEV: -002°.

9 - Which instantaneous information can be obtained from ground radar equipment? Airspeed (TAS) and heading Direction and airspeed (TAS) Distance and direction Airspeed (TAS) and distance

10 - Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to receive signals from a nondirectional beacon (NDB)? Horizontal situation indicator (HSI) Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Automatic direction finder (ADF) Course deviation indicator (CDI)

11 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The wind correction angle (WCA) equals... .- 9° .+ 5° .- 7° .+ 11°

12 - The angle between the magnetic course and the true course is called... Deviation. Variation. Inclination. WCA.

13 - How are rhumb lines and great circles depicted on a direct Mercator chart? Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: straight lines Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: curved lines Rhumb lines: straight lines Great circles: straight lines Rhumb lines: curved lines Great circles: curved lines

14 - With Central European Summer Time (CEST) given as UTC+2, what UTC time corresponds to 1600 CEST? 1500 UTC. 1400 UTC. 1600 UTC. 1700 UTC.

15 - What is the difference in time when the sun moves 10° of longitude? 0:40 h 0:04 h 1:00 h 0:30 h

16 - What is the required flight time for a distance of 236 NM with a ground speed of 134 kt? 0:46 h 0:34 h 1:34 h 1:46 h

17 - What is the true course (TC) from Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E) to Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

055° 061° 241° 235°

18 - Given: QDR: 022° VAR: 10° E The QTE equals... 052° 212°. 032° 202°.

19 - The VDF range depends on... The condition of the ionosphere. The aircraft's speed. The range of the ground / surface wave. The aircraft's altitude.

20 - A pilot receives a QDR of 315° from the VDF ground station. Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? Southeast Southwest Northwest Northeast

21 - Which are the properties of a Lambert conformal chart? The chart is conformal and an equal-area projection Rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines and the chart is conformal Great circles are depicted as straight lines and the chart is an equal-area projection The chart is conformal and nearly true to scale

22 - A VHF direction finder (VDF) can determine... True courses. Magnetic bearings. Approach speeds. Slant ranges.

23 - Given: True course: 270°. TAS: 100 kt. Wind: 090°/25 kt. Distance: 100 NM. The flight time equals... 37 Min. 62 Min 48 Min. 84 Min.

24 - Given: True course from A to B: 250°. Ground distance: 210 NM. TAS: 130 kt. Headwind component: 15 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0915 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... (2,00 P.) 1005 UTC. 1105 UTC. 1052 UTC. 1115 UTC.

25 - UTC is... An obligatory time used in aviation. A zonal time. A local time in Central Europe. Local mean time at a specific point on Earth.

26 - What is the distance between the parallels of latitude 48°N and 49°N along a meridian line? 111 NM 10 NM 1 NM 60 NM

27 - The distance measuring equipment (DME) determines the distance based on the principle of... Laser measurement. Time measurement. Doppler Phase comparison.

28 - Given: QDM: 138° VAR: 10° E The QUJ equals... 148° 328°. 168°. 318°.

29 - Which approximate, geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation systems? Ellipsoid Sphere of ecliptical shape Flat plate Perfect sphere

30 - Where are the two polar circles? At a latitude of 20.5°S and 20.5°N 23.5° north and south of the poles 20.5° south of the poles 23.5° north and south of the equator

31 - Full deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI) means that the aircraft is located at least... 10° beside the selected course 2° beside the selected course. 2 NM beside the selected course. 10 NM beside the selected course.

32 - An aircraft is flying with an indicated airspeed (IAS) of 150 kt at 8000 ft MSL. According to the rule of thumb, the true airspeed (TAS) equals... 174 kt. 150 kt. 208 kt. 142 kt.

33 - Radio waves within the LF and MF range (e.g. NDB) travel as... Space wave (quasi-optical) Sky wave and as ground / surface wave. Sky wave. Ground / surface wave.

34 - An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature (OAT) of +11°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... 6750 ft. 7000 ft 6500 ft 6250 ft.

35 - An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt and a headwind component of 25 kt for 2 hours and 25 minutes. The distance flown equals... 375 NM. 202 NM. 435 NM. 693 NM.

36 - The shortest distance between two points on Earth is represented by a part of... A rhumb line. A great circle. A parallel of latitude. A small circle.

37 - Given: True course from A to B: 352°. Ground distance: 100 NM. GS: 107 kt. Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0933 UTC. The estimated time of arrival (ETA) is... 1045 UTC. 1029 UTC. 1146 UTC 1129 UTC

38 - When transmitter and receiver are moving towards each other... The perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency. The perceived frequency decreases. The perceived frequency increases. The frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant.

39 - What is the radial from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

204° 024° 068° 248°

40 - What is the distance between the two parallels of longitude 150°E and 151°E along the equator? 111 NM 1 NM 60 km 60 NM

41 - What is meant by the term "terrestrial navigation"? Orientation by GPS during visual flight Orientation by instrument readings during visual flight Orientation by ground features during visual flight Orientation by ground celestial object during visual flight

42 - Which answer completes the flight plan (marked cells)? See annex (NAV-014) (3,00 P.) Siehe Anlage 3

TH: 173°. MH: 184°. MC: 178° TH: 185°. MH: 185°. MC: 180°. TH: 173°. MH: 174°. MC: 178°. TH: 185°. MH: 184°. MC: 178°.

43 - Which are the properties of a Mercator chart? The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines The scale is constant, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as curved lines, rhumb lines are depicted as straight lines The scales increases with latitude, great circles are depicted as straight lines, rhumb lines are depicted as curved lines

44 - The on-board equipment of the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is called... Transponder Interrogator. Decoder. Course indicator.

45 - The term 'civil twilight' is defined as... The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the true horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the apparent horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 6 degrees or less below the true horizon. The period of time before sunrise or after sunset where the midpoint of the sun disk is 12 degrees or less below the apparent horizon.

46 - Given the following information, what is the aircraft position at the cross bearing? VOR Hamburg (HAM) (53°41?N, 010°12?E): Radial 119° VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E): Radial 320° See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

53°20'N, 11°10'E 52°20'N, 10°10'E 52°10'N, 10°20'E 54°40'N, 12°50'E

47 - The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm. The pilot should follow a QDM of... See figure (NAV-019) Siehe Anlage 4

230°. 200°. 080°. 260°.

48 - The pilot receives a QDR of 225° from the VDF ground station. Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? Northwest Southeast Northeast Southwest

49 - The term QDR means... True bearing from the station to the aircraft. Magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station. True bearing from the aircraft to the station. Magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.

50 - The sun moves 10° of longitude. What is the difference in time? 0.4 h 0.66 h 0.33 h 1 h

51 - Vienna (LOWW) is located at 016° 34'E, Salzburg (LOWS) at 013° 00'E. The latitude of both positions can be considered as equal. What is the difference of sunrise and sunset times, expressed in UTC, between Wien and Salzburg? (2,00 P.) In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise is 4 minutes later and sunset is 4 minutes earlier than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 4 minutes later than in Salzburg In Vienna the sunrise is 14 minutes earlier and sunset is 14 minutes later than in Salzburg

52 - Which direction corresponds to 'compass north' (CN)? The angle between the aircraft heading and magnetic north The direction to which the direct reading compass aligns due to earth's and aircraft's magnetic fields The most northerly part of the magnetic compass in the aircraft, where the reading takes place The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographical North Pole

53 - What is the difference in latitude between A (12°53'30''N) and B (07°34'30''S)? 05°19'00'' 20,28° 05,19° 20°28'00''

54 - The circumference of the Earth at the equator is approximately... See figure (NAV-002) Siehe Anlage 1

10800 km. 40000 NM. 12800 km. 21600 NM.

55 - The term 'agonic line' is defined as a line on Earth or an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the... Heading of 0°. Inclination of 0°. Variation of 0°. Deviation of 0.

56 - The DME reading is a... Slant range. Radial distance. Air range. Ground distance.

57 - What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from runway 06 to runway 07)? The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed The true direction of the runway alignment has changed The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed The direction of the approach path has changed

58 - Given: QDM: 134° VAR: 5° W The QTE equals... 314°. 129°. 309°. 299°.

59 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt. The wind correction angle (WCA) equals... 7° right. 3° left 3° right. 7° left.

60 - An aeroplane has a heading of 090°. The distance which has to be flown is 90 NM. After 45 NM the aeroplane is 4.5 NM north of the planned flight path. What is the corrected heading to reach the arrival aerodrome directly? 6° to the right 9° to the right 12° to the right 18° to the right

61 - The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... WCA. Inclination. Variation. Deviation.

62 - An aircraft travels 110 NM within 01:25. The ground speed (GS) equals... 86 kt. 78 kt 160 km/h. 120 km/h.

63 - The differenz between indicated DME slant range and horizontal distance from the DME station increases... When departing the DME station. When descending When circling around the DME station. When circling around the DME station.

64 - Given: Ground speed (GS): 160 kt. True course (TC): 177°. Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt. The true heading (TH) equals... 173°. 169° 180°. 184°.

65 - Electronic devices on board of an aeroplane have influence on the... Direct reading compass. Airspeed indicator. Artificial horizon. Turn coordinator.

66 - The term 'isogonal' or 'isogonic line' is defined as a line on an aeronautical chart, connecting all points with the same value of... Heading. Variation Deviation. Inclination.

67 - Given: True course: 165°. TAS: 90 kt. Wind: 130°/20 kt. Distance: 153 NM. The true heading equals... 165°. 126°. 152°. 158°.

68 - Which lines have to be used by the pilot to determine the aircraft's position? Relative bearings (RB) Magnetic bearings (QDR) Magnetic headings (MH) True bearings (QTE)

69 - Given: TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200° What are the VAR and the DEV? (2,00 P.) VAR: 004° E. DEV: -002° VAR: 004° W. DEV: -002°. VAR: 004° E. DEV: +002° VAR: 004° W. DEV: +002°.

70 - Which statement is correct with regard to the polar axis of the Earth? The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is at an angle of 66.5° to the plane of the equator The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole and is at an angle of 23.5° to the plane of the equator The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator

71 - Given: QDR: 152° VAR: 5° W DEV: 5° E The QUJ equals... 317° 327°. 147°. 332°.

72 - Non-directional beacons (NDBs) transmit within which frequency band? Low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF) Very high frequency (VHF) Very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) High frequency (HF)

73 - The aircraft is on radial... See annex (NAV-024) Siehe Anlage 6

060°. 246°. 066°. 234°.

74 - What is the distance from Neustadt (EDAN) (53°22'N, 011°37'E) to Uelzen (EDVU) (52°59?N, 10°28?E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

78 NM 46 NM 46 km 78 km

75 - What is the difference between a locator beacon and a non-directional beacon (NDB)? Locator beacons transmit more precisely Locator beacons transmit on request only Locator beacons have a higher range than NDBs Locator beacons have a lower range than NDBs

76 - The angle between compass north and magnetic north is called... Variation WCA. Deviation. Inclination.

77 - What is the difference between primary and secondary radar? The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft's surface, the pulses of a secondary radar system are answered by a transponder The pulses of a primary radar are variably pulse-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically amplitude-modulated The pulses of a primary radar are variably amplitude-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are statically pulse-modulated The primary radar is displayed on a computer screen, the secondary radar on a radar strip

78 - The range of NDBs transmitting in the medium frequency range is greatest... On midday. Before midday. In the daytime. At night.

79 - Quasi-optical waves travel... Through the air directly from the transmitter to the receiver. Through the air and are influenced (e.g. reflected) by the ionosphere. Along the surface of the earth. Along the surface of the earth, but are absorbed by the sea.

80 - An aircraft travels 100 km in 56 minutes. The ground speed (GS) equals... 93 kt 198 kt 58 km/h. 107 km/h.

81 - Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to use a VHF direction finder (VDF)? A relative bearing indicator (RBI) A VHF radio At least two VHF aerials A VDF receiver

82 - A distance of 7.5 cm on an aeronautical chart represents a distance of 60.745 NM in reality. What is the chart scale? 1 : 1 000000 1 : 150000 1 : 500000 1 : 1500000

83 - What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude? 120 NM 216 NM 400 NM 60 NM

84 - Given: TC: 179°; WCA: -12°; VAR: 004° E; DEV: +002° What are MH and MC? MH: 167°. MC: 161°. MH: 163°. MC: 175°. MH: 163°. MC: 161°. MH: 167°. MC: 175°.

85 - The transponder code in case of a radio communication failure is... 7600. 7000. 7500. 7700.

86 - A pilot receives a QDR of 135° from the VDF ground station. Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? Southwest. Northeast Northwest Southeast

87 - The rotational axis of the Earth runs through the... Magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole. Geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole. Geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole. Magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole.

88 - An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The wind vector is 270°/50 kt. The ground speed (GS) equals... 135 kt 255 kt. 170 kt 185 kt.

89 - What distance corresponds to one degree difference in latitude along any degree of longitude? 30 NM 60 km 60 NM 1 NM

90 - Given: QTE: 229° VAR: 10° W The QDM equals... 239°. 049°. 039°. 059°.

91 - A VOR radial corresponds to the... QDR. QDM. QUJ. QTE.

92 - What ground features should preferrably be used for orientation during visual flight? Rivers, railroads, highways Farm tracks and creeks Border lines Two hundred eight five.

93 - Given: QTE: 248° VAR: 10° W The QDR equals... 078° 258°. 238°. 068°.

94 - The distance between two airports is 220 NM. On an aeronautical navigation chart the pilot measures 40.7 cm for this distance. The chart scale is... 1 : 2000000. 1 : 250000. 1 : 1000000. 1 : 500000.

95 - When using a GPS for tracking to the next waypoint, a deviation indication is shown by a vertical bar and dots to the left and to the right of the bar. What statement describes the correct interpretation of the display? The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS. The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as angular distance in degrees; the scale for full deflection is +-10°. The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection is +-10 NM. The deviation of the bar from the center indicates the track error as absolute distance in NM; the scale for full deflection depends on the operating mode of the GPS.

96 - The distance from 'A' to 'B' measures 120 NM. At a distance of 55 NM from 'A' the pilot realizes a deviation of 7 NM to the right. What approximate course change must be made to reach 'B' directly? 15° left 6° left 14° left 8° left

97 - What is the distance from VOR Brünkendorf (BKD) (53°02?N, 011°33?E) to Pritzwalk (EDBU) (53°11'N, 12°11'E)? See annex (NAV-031) Siehe Anlage 2

24 km 42 NM 24 NM 42 km

98 - What is the difference in time when the sun moves 20° of longitude? 0:20 h 0:40 h 1:00 h 1:20 h

99 - An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 120 kt and experiences 35 kt tailwind. How much time is needed for a distance of 185 NM? 1 h 12 min 2 h 11 min 0 h 50 min 1 h 32 min

100 - An aircraft is flying at aFL 75 with an outside air temperature (OAT) of -9°C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft. The true altitude equals... 6750 ft. 6500 ft. 6250 ft. 7000 ft.

101 - The approximate propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is... 300000 km/s. 300000 m/s. 300000 NM/s 300000 ft/s.

102 - VOR radials are defined based on the principle of... Amplitude comparison of two signals. Pulse comparison of two signals. Phase comparison of two signals. Frequency comparison of two signals.

103 - For a short flight from A to B the pilot extracts the following information from an aeronautical chart: True course: 245°. Magnetic variation: 7° W The magnetic course (MC) equals... 252°. 245°. 007°. 238°.

104 - 1000 ft equal... 30 km. 30 m. 3000 m. 300 m.

105 - The shoreline effect is greatest with radio wave propagation... At an acute angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft. At an acute angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft. At a right angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft. At a right angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft.

106 - A pilot wants to approach an NDB on QDM 090°. The aircraft flies for about 5 minutes with a magnetic heading (MH) of 095° and the RBI indication of 355°. After 6 minutes the RBI indicates 358°. Which statement is correct? The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to increase the MH The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to increase the MH The crosswind component increased; the pilot has to decrease the MH The crosswind component decreased; the pilot has to decrease the MH

107 - The term QTE means... True bearing from the aircraft to the station. Magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station. True bearing from the station to the aircraft. Magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.

108 - 5500 m equal... 10000 ft. 7500 ft. 18000 ft. 30000 ft.

109 - The transponder code in case of hi-jacking is... 7000. 7500. 7600. 7700.

110 - Where does the inclination reach its lowest value? At the geographic poles At the geographic equator At the magnetic equator At the magnetic poles

111 - What is the meaning of the 1:60 rule? 60 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 1 NM 10 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM 6 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 10 NM 1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM

112 - Which altitude is transmitted by the transponder in mode C? Radio altitude QFE altitude Pressure altitude QNH altitude

113 - Using primary ground radar, the direction of the aeroplane in relation to the antenna is determined by... The orientation of the antenna. The frequency shift of the received pulse. Time measurement. The pulse pair interval.

114 - Assume two arbitrary points A and B on the same parallel of latitude, but not on the equator. Point A is located on 010°E and point B on 020°E. The rumb line distance between A and B is always... More than 300 NM. More than 600 NM. Less than 300 NM. Less than 600 NM.

115 - Fading in LF/MF frequency range occurs mainly... During the night. In the late afternoon. At midday. In the daytime.

116 - The term 'True Course' (TC) is defined as... The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the geographic North Pole. The angle between true north and the course line. Tthe angle between magnetic north and the course line. The direction from an arbitrary point on Earth to the magnetic north pole.

117 - Which are the official basic units for horizontal distances used in aeronautical navigation and their abbreviations? Feet (ft), inches (in) Yards (yd), meters (m) Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km) Land miles (SM), sea miles (NM)

118 - Where is the aircraft located in relation to the VOR? See annex (NAV-022) Siehe Anlage 5

Northwest Southeast Northeast Southwest

119 - Which statement about a rhumb line is correct? A rhumb line is a great circle intersecting the the equator with 45° angle. The center of a complete cycle of a rhumb line is always the Earth's center. A rhumb line cuts each meridian at the same angle. The shortest track between two points along the Earth's surface follows a rhumb line

120 - With Central European Time (CET) given as UTC+1, what UTC time corresponds to 1700 CET? 1600 UTC 1500 UTC. 1800 UTC. 1700 UTC.

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