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81 - ATPL Question Bank in English - Conventional airborne weather radars commonly use X-band frequencies around 9–10 GHz principally because:

Question 81 - Radio Navigation - ATPL - Airline Transport Pilot Licence

Liquid precipitation can give useful echoes with a practicably sized airborne antenna, although heavy rain can strongly attenuate the signal.
They reliably detect dry clear-air turbulence without any radar-scattering particles.
At this frequency, electrical noise and unwanted interference are eliminated.
Rain attenuation becomes negligible, so all small droplets can be detected at greater ranges.

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